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Evaluation of Wild Halophytes of Aralo-Caspian Flora Towards Soil Restoration and Food Security Improvement

  • Chapter
Plants, Pollutants and Remediation

Abstract

Nowadays, due to an increase in the salinization induced by climate change and desertification process in the dryland ecosystems, evaluation of potential use of halophytes for soil remediation, forage and food supply, medicinal and other purposes is gaining wide attention and acceptability. Documentation of valuable knowledge about these plants is assuming urgent priority.

Desert halophytes of Aralo-Caspian flora safely survive under extreme saline edaphic and arid climate conditions by development of specific ion translocation and salt-accumulation mechanisms by developing specific salt/storage cells and salt excretion though salt-producing trichomes/hairs for removal, degradation and immobilization of wide spectrum of soil pollutants. Innovative remediation strategies are based on domestication of wild halophytes which are able to grow and produce seeds successfully under dry and saline environments, can accumulate high shoot and root biomass, have deep root systems and are distinguished by efficient nutrient uptake mechanisms, resistance to salinity and water deficiency. Different mechanisms and strategies for the sequestration and regulation of salt ion concentrations in the plant tissues are operating in the stem and leaf of succulent halophytes and in the recreto-and pseudohalophytes of Aralo-Caspian flora. The significant levels of sclerification of perianth segments simultaneously with the thickening of pericarp and spermoderma epidermis are known to protect embryo from pollutants. Peculiarities of reproduction mechanisms and CO2 fixation pathways also play an important role in vital function of halophytes crops under harsh desert conditions. In this paper new integrated approaches for utilization of wild halophyte taxa in remediation of soils contaminated by toxic salts/heavy metals, stabilization of ecosystem function and sources for functionality of biologically active substances (primary and secondary metabolites) will be discussed.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Science Development Foundation under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan- Grant No EIF- 2012-2(6)-39/18/3 and partially by financial support of ICBA Funds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Botany of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Esmira Alirzayeva, Valida Ali-zade & Tamilla Shirvani

  2. International Center for Biosaline Agriculture for Central Asia and Caucasus (ICBA-CAC), Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Kristina Toderich

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  1. Esmira Alirzayeva
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  2. Valida Ali-zade
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  3. Tamilla Shirvani
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  4. Kristina Toderich
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Correspondence to Esmira Alirzayeva .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department and Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University Bornova, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

    Münir Öztürk

  2. Pakistan Academy of Science, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ashraf

  3. Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

    Ahmet Aksoy

  4. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Dept. Botany, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    M. S. A. Ahmad

  5. Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Forestry, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

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Alirzayeva, E., Ali-zade, V., Shirvani, T., Toderich, K. (2015). Evaluation of Wild Halophytes of Aralo-Caspian Flora Towards Soil Restoration and Food Security Improvement. In: Öztürk, M., Ashraf, M., Aksoy, A., Ahmad, M., Hakeem, K. (eds) Plants, Pollutants and Remediation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7194-8_4

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