Abstract
The Coromandel coast, “the left arm” of Dutch commerce in Asia, was initially important to the Company as a supplier of the chief media of exchange, textiles, for procuring the return cargo of spices from the archipelago. This single dimensional interest in the coast trade had new strands added to it with the passage of time, as markets for other coast products, — though quantitatively less significant than the cloth market, — were explored and developed in different regions of Asia as also in Europe. The sidelines in the export trade were in fact started from the very beginning, though to a very limited extent.
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References
Kristoff Glamann, op. cit., p. 14.
K.A.967, L. Ysaacx’s ‘Informatie’, 1608, van Wesick to Bantam, 15.6.1610, Bourgonje to Ysaacx, 6.2.1609, Marcelis to Amsterdam, 31.5.1610; Koromandel, pp.171–72.
Coen, III, pp.287, 323. Also see Supra, Chapter VII.
The fact that yellow tapi sarassas could be sold only in Banda indicates the degree of specialisation. Tapi chindo and goulong for Java, peta, dragam, sarassa malaya, gobar etc. fro Moluccas and Jambi were among the chief lines of export in this period. The Dutch also discovered now the great demand for Guinea cloth throughout Asia.
K.A.452, 18.9.1621, f.69, Amsterdam to Coromandel, 15.10.1621, 15.12.1623, 12.11.1626; K.A.757, 17.3.1627, f.42vo; K.A.994, Ysbrantsz to Batavia, 21.10.1624; K.A.1001, 27.6.1626, ff.81 ff, 85–89; Coen, I, pp.59, 283, 447, II, p.292, III, p.73, VII, pp.236, 477, VII2, p.1186, D.R.1624–29, pp.133, 189, 211, 221.
Coen, I, pp.337–38, II, pp.293, 294, 296.
For the volume of cloth export, see K.A.759, Batavia to Coromandel, 28.6.1633; K.A.762, f.113; K.A.765, 11.7.1639, ff.405, 409, 30.9.1639, f.605; K.A.768, 3.4.1641, ff.67, 73, 28.4.1641, f.174; K.A.769, 9.8.1641; f.324.
K.A.1039, 18.12.1639, ff.75vo–77, 30.7.1639, f.1091.
K.A.455, 21.9.1644, f.7, 16.9.1646, f.66 : K.A.770, 20.8.1643, f.590; K.A.772, 15.3.1645, f.111; K.A.780, 15.7.1653, ff.198 ff; K.A.1051, 22.12.1643, f.3; K.A.1055, 20.1.1645, ff.6vo, 7; K.A.1056, 3.6.1643; f.773; K.A.1064, 31.12.1647, f.67; K.A.1066, 18.1.1649, f.87; K.A.1100, 7.6.1655, f.339.
K.A.1062 (uervolg), 24,8.1646, f.832 ; K.A.1064, 31.12.1647, ff.67vo; K.A.1066, 5.10.1647, ff.517vo, 523; K.A.1068, 31.12.1649, f.59; K.A.1071, 19.10.1649, f.217vo; K.A.1079, 24.1.1652, f.234; K.A.1104, 6.5.1656, ff. 231 ff; K.A.1115, 14.12.1658, f.77.
K.A.795, 20.4.1668, f.170; K.A.797, 30.7.1670, f.431 ; K.A.799, 14.4.1672, 27.7.1672, f.644; K.A.1122, 14.8.1660, f.383vo; K.A.1123, 14.7.1660, f.42vo; K.A.1146, 25.1.1667, f.209; K.A.1147, 15.11.1666, f.659.
K.A.812, 14.8.1683, f.1236; K.A.814, 15.8.1684, ff.331vo–332; K.A.815, 1.5.1685, ff.200–201 ; K.A.817, 24.7.1687, f.520.
K.A.967, Bourgonge to Ysaack, 6.2.1609, K.A.968, 30.8.1613, ff.157, 162vo; K.A.973, 29.3.1616, f.178, Relations, p.52.
K.A.450, 11.4.1616, f.355; K.A.452, 18.9.1621, f.69; K.A.997, “Memorie” of Raphael Olyva, ff.90 ff; K.A.997, Batavia to Goromandel, 26.7.1625; Coen, II, pp.162, 213, 292, 303, IV, p.368, VII, pp.228–29, 352–53, 357.
K.A.760, 29.1.1635, f.274, 13.8.1635, ff.485; K.A.762, 31.7.1637, f.554; K.A.765, 28.12.1639, f.120; K.A.767, 14.4.1640, f.128; K.A.768, 28.5.1641, f-175; K.A.1019, 25.12.1633, f.37; K.A.1022, 15.8.1634, f.34vo; K.A.1023, 27.12.1634, f.95vo; K.A.1028, 4.1.1636, f.41; K.A.1031, 8.10.1636, f.1123; K.A.1041, 3.10.1641, ff.269 ff.
K.A.051, 22.12.1643, f.38vo; K.A.1054, 23.12.1644, f.538vo, 4.5.1644, f.568vo, 3.10.1643, f.798vo; K.A.1068, 13.4.1649, f.547vo; K.A.1079, ff.256–57.
K.A.1122, 5.2.1661, f.629; K.A.1152, 24.6.1667, f.603vo; K.A.797, 31.10.1670, f.709.
Coen, II, p.446, III, pp.75, 177–79; K.A.756, 28.10.1626, f.141vo.
Coen, I, pp.708, 781, V, pp.29–30, VII2, pp.1220–21, 1351, 1446; K.A.995, Pulicat to Batavia, 6.6.1624; K.A.996, Batavia to Ysbrantsz, 26.7.1625, ff.123 ff; D.R., 1624–29. pp.33, 99, 221, 239, 290.
Coen, I, p.781, II, pp.214, 447, V, p.296; E.F.I., 1622–23, pp.105, 122, 141, 147, 229; K.A.754, 26.3.1624, f.36vo; K.A.998, 3.2.1626, ff.3–3vo.
100 slaves were purchased in 1630, and 91 in 1635.
K.A.1012, 4.12.1630, f.134; K.A.1017, 20.10.1632, f.187vo; K.A.1029, 19.6.1635, f.668; K.A.1047, “Verhael etc.,” f.447vo, 4.10.1642, f.714.
K.A.770, 1.4.1643, f.127; K.A.779, 21.5.1652, f.281; K.A.1054, 3.3.1644, f.574; K.A.1056, 17.2.1643, ff.743–43vo, 3.4.1643, f.764; K.A.1059, 5.10.1644, f.279; K.A.1062, 15.1.1647, f.9; K.A.1064 (vervolg), 2.8.1647, f.678vo, 20.4.1647, f.685vo.
K.A.794, 29.3.1667, f.142; K.A.1121, 11.9.1659, f.795; K.A.1122, 14.8.1660, ff.382 ff.
Coen, II, p.450, III, p.96, V, pp.295, 299, 382, 516, 580, VII, p.828, VII2, pp.1184, 1214; D.R., 1624–29, pp.99, 133, 189, 211; K.A.754, 25.6.1624, f.72vo; K.A.994, 27.1.1625, f.136vo; K.A.995, Masulipatam to Batavia, 2.7.1624; K.A.997, 27.7.1625, ff.123 ff.
K.A.760, 13.8.1635, f.481; K.A.765, 11.7.1639, f.413; K.A.768, 3.4.1641, f.71; K.A.769, 9.4.1641, f.132, 31.5.1642, f.285, 20.10.1642, f.714; K.A.1012, 4.12.1630, f.142; K.A.1015, 9.12.1631, f.132vo; K.A.1047, “Verhael etc.” f.420, 4.10.1642, ff.705vo–706.
K.A.770, 11.6.1643, f.377; K.A.774, 21.5.1647, f.224; K.A.779, 23.8.1652, f.563; K.A.783, 26.3.1656; f.115; K.A.1051, 22.12.1643, f.37; K.A.1056, 3.6.1643, ff.767 ff, 3.10.1653, f.797vo; K.A.1062 (vervolg), 9.6.1646; f.797, K.A.1080, 24.12.1652, f.54vo; K.A.1001, 5.2.1653, f.267vo; K.A.1107, f.242.
Coen, II, p.297, III, p.209, V, pp.30, 515, VII, p.360, VII2, pp.1183–84; K.A.451, 12.4.1617, f.199; K.A.452, Amsterdam to Coromandel, 15.10.1621; K.A.994, 27.1.1625, f.138.
K.A.451, 12.4.1617; K.A.452, Amsterdam to Coromandel, 15.10.1623, 12.11.1626, same to Batavia, 8.12.1625; K.A.755, Batavia to Coromandel, 26.7.1625; K.A.756, 27.6.1626, f.87; Coen, V, pp.28, 118, 516, VII2, p. 1184.
K.A.767, 14.4.1640, f.131; K.A.1025, 20.9.1634, f.324vo; K.A.1029, 10.6.1635, f.676vo; K.A.1042, 3.3.1640, ff.429vo–430; K.A.1044, 10.3.1641, ff.269 ff.
K.A.760, 29.1.1635, f.274; K.A.769, 9.4.1642, f.129; K.A.1015, 12.7.1631, f.135vo; K.A.1037, 20.3.1638, f.169vo; K.A.1047, 4.10.1642, f.711.
K.A.1054, 4.5.1644, f.565; K.A.1056, 17.2.1643, f.747; K.A.1064, 27.6.1647, f.755vo; K.A.1066, 18.1.1649, f.92; K.A.1079, ff.256–57; K.A.1091, 13.2.1653, f.275: K.A.1100. 24.12.1655, f.92vo.
K.A.771, 23.9.1644, f.634; K.A.779, 23.8.1652, f.570; K.A.782, 16.4.1655, ff.126–27; K.A.783, 26.3.1656, f.112; K.A.1059, 5.10.1644, f.289, K.A.1060, “Verhael etc.,” f.213vo; K.A.1066, 7.10.1648, f.462; K.A.1086, 16.10.1652, f.521vo; K.A.1111, 28.9.1657, ff.590 ff.
K.A.973, 14.12.1615, ff.161vo, 173, 202, 209, Resolutions, Pulicat, 26.4.1616, 21.9.1615, 22.1.1616; “De Nederlanders in Voor Indie etc.”, De Indische Gids, 1915, p.335.
Relations, pp.31 ff; Coen, I, pp.611, 753, III, p.209, V, pp.30, 95, VII, pp.748, 829, VII2, pp.1065, 1069, 1178, 1184, 1218, 1346, 1447, 1761; K.A.452, Amsterdam to Batavia, 18.10.1623, same to Goromandel, 15.12.1623; K.A.451, “Remonstrantie” of Franco van der Meer, f.199; K.A.997; Masulipatam to Batavia, 26.6.1625; E.F.I., 1622–23, pp.48, 221, 229, 247: L.T., I., L.M., xv, 18.2.1622, f.192.
K.A.767, 14.4.1640, f.126; K.A.768, 3.4.1641, f.75; K.A.1017, 20.10.1632, f.184; K.A.1022, 15.8.1634, f.34vo; K.A.1029, 19.6.1635, f.666; K.A.1031, 28.12.1636, f.62; K.A.1034, 9.12.1637, ff.174–75, 25.5.1637, f.673vo; K.A.1039, 18.12.1639, f.81; K.A.1047, “Verhael etc,” f.423; K.A.1048, 12.12.1642, f.59vo.
K.A.772, 8.7.1645, f.301; K.A.779, 23.8.1652, f.561; K.A.1051, 22.12.1643, f.3vo; K.A.1054, 13.5.1644, ff.603–4; K.A.1056, 3.10.1643, f.796vo; K.A.1074, 24.1.1652, ff.11vo–12; K.A.1086, 14.7.1652, f.499, 16.10.1652, f.516.
K.A.789, 14.8.1662, f.343; K.A.792, 21.7.1665, f.296; K.A.795, 9.11.1668, f.791; K.A.797, 31.10.1670, f.710; K.A.798, 29.4.1671, f.412; K.A.1122, 14.8.1660, f.385; K.A.1159, 15.12.1669, f.362.
K.A.967, L. Ysaacx’ ‘Informatie’, 1608.
K.A.452, Amsterdam to Goromandel, 15.10.1623; K.A.994, Masulipatam to Amsterdam, 4.10.1624; K.A.997, Masulipatam to Batavia, 29.12.1624; K.A.1001, 27.6.1626, ff.81 ff; Coen, VII2, pp.1064, 1215; Coen, II, pp.209, 444; K.A.452, 18.9.1621, f.69, Amsterdam to Goromandel, 15.12.1623; Coen, II, p.447, III, p.74; K.A.451, 19.10.1617, f.126, 18.9.1621, f.70; K.A.999, Pulicat to Batavia, 16.10.1625, Masulipatam to Amsterdam, 8.3.1626.
K.A.758, Batavia to Coromandel, 2.5.1630; K.A.761, 13.2.1635, f.90, 21.7.1636, f.502; K.A.1025, 29.5.1634, f.319; K.A.1029, Ysbrantsz’ Dagh-register, 1635, f.676vo. As the records do not mention the weights but only the number of pieces, no exact estimate of the volume of iron and steel export is possible.
In 1644, 5,560 lbs of steel were exported to Batavia; in 1657, the exports included 10,109 lbs of steel and 15 bahars of iron. See K.A.1059, 5.10.1644, f.281; K.A.1086, 4.3.1657, f.448.
In 1667, 105,000 lbs of iron nails, 188,000 lbs of cannon balls, 189,000 lbs of iron bars and 10,000 lbs of iron bands were exported from Coromandel. See K.A.1152, 6.12.1667, f.151vo.
K.A.789, 22.9.1662, f.525; K.A.795, 20.4.1668, f.178, 9.11.1668, f.786; K.A.801, 19.10.1674, f.501; K.A.1128, 26.12.1662, ff.221–22; K.A.1175, 31.1.1673, ff.308 ff. 332 K.A.1144, f.1765; K.A.1156, 25.6.1668, f.755vo; K.A.798, 13.11.1671, f.828.
K.A.973, 29.3.1616, f.178, Resolutions, Pulicat, 22.1.1616, 26.4.1616; Relations, p.52; “De Nederlanders in Voor Indië etc.” De Indische Gids, 1915, p.336.
Coen, III, f.75, V, f.384, VII2, f.1440; K.A.995, Pulicat to Batavia, 6.6.1624; K.A.997, 256.7.1625, ff.123 ff.
Coen, II, pp.214, 447; III, p.75; V, p.381; VII2, pp.1223, 1365.
Coen, II, pp.214, 447.
K.A.995, Masulipatam to Batavia, 2.7.1624; K.A.997, Batavia to Coromandel, 26.7.1625, ff.123 ff ; D.R., 1624–29, p.239.
Coen, VII, p.421.
D.R., 1624–29, f.99. 340 K.A.1023, 27.12.1634, f.96; K.A.1025, 20.9.1634, f.329; K.A.1031, 8.10.1636, f.1124.
K.A.759, Instructions to Coromandel, 28.6.1633; K.A.762, 17.2.1637; K.A.1025, 20.9.1634, f.329.
K.A.760, 13.8.1635, f.490, 29.1.1635, f.275; K.A.764, 11.8.1638, f.373; K.A.767, 31.7.1640, f.392; K.A.1023, 20.2.1634, f.268; K.A.1029, 19.6.1635, f.668; K.A.1037, 14.5.1638, f.218vo; K.A.1039, 6.5.1639, f.1078; K.A.1047, “Verhael etc.,” f. 436vo.
K.A.1029, 2.11.1635, f.683vo, 19.6.1635, f.668.
K.A.760, 13.8.1635, f.486; K.A.761, 13.2.1636, f.81; K.A.765, 28.2.1639, f.118; K.A.1029, 19.6.1635, f.668; K.A.1027, 9.5.1638, f.200vo.
K.A.761, 13.2.1636, f.90; K.A.1025, 20.9.1634; f.329; K.A.1031, 25.9.1636, f.1155; K.A.1037, 14.5.1638, f.212vo; K.A.1029, 30.7.1639, f.1094; K.A.1042, 30.5.1640, f.463.
K.A.770, 1.4.1643, f.132; K.A.771, 17.4.1644, f.136; K.A.1094, 15.9.1656, f.450vo.
K.A.770, 11.6.1643, f.381; K.A.782, 1.7.1655, ff.320–21; K.A.783, 26.3.1656, f.112; K.A.1102, 13.9.1655, f.117vo. 348 K.A.774, 27.7.1647, f.380; K.A.1064 (vervolg), 2.8.1647, ff.683 ff; K.A.1066, 14 10.1648, f.447vo, 5.10.1647, f.520vo.
K.A.782, 16.4.1655, f.152.
The references for these statistical data are the same as those for the Company’s activities in Bengal in this period mentioned in Chapter III, supra.
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Raychaudhuri, T. (1962). The Items of Export. In: Jan Company in Coromandel 1605–1690. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6380-6_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6380-6_8
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