Abstract
Human rights are women’s rights, and vice versa. The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women placed women’s rights squarely on the international human rights agenda. The United Nations General Assembly set then the international standards, procedures, mechanisms, and monitoring of women’s human rights and has since directed that women’s human rights are not to be regarded as peripheral. Under resolution 1999/41 of the UN Commission on Human Rights, women’s rights are to be integrated into every part of United Nations human rights organizations and mechanisms, there being a gender perspective to be realized in every rights violation.
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References
See Human Rights Committee General Comment 22 (1993) (art. 18), general comment adopted by the Human Rights Committee under International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), art. 40, para. 4, CCPR/C/21/Rev.l/Add.4.
Courtney W. Howland, “Safeguarding Women’s Political Freedoms under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in the Face of Religious Extremism,” in Religious Fundamentalisms and the Religious Rights of Women, ed. Courtney W. Howland ( New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999 ), 96–97.
Christine Chinkin, “Cultural Relativism and International Law,” in Howland, Religious Fundamentalisms, 56.
See, for instance, Sidonie Smith, A Poetics of Women’s Autobiography: Marginality and the Fictions of SelfRepresentation (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987 ), 38–39; Riffat Hassan, “Rights of Women within Islamic Communities,” in Religious Human Rights in Global Perspective: Religious Perspectives, ed. John Witte Jr. and Johan D. van der Vyver ( Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1996 ), 361–86.
See Howland, “Safeguarding Women’s Political Freedoms,” n. 34.
See a report by Guardian journalist Suzanne Goldenberg, “Women of Kabul learn to cope with Taliban,” Sydney Morning Herald, 24 December 1999.
Howland, “Safeguarding Women’s Political Freedoms,” 97–99.
Blu Greenberg, “Feminism, Jewish Orthodoxy, Modernity, and Human Rights: Strange Bedfellows?” in Religion and Human Rights: Competing Claims? ed. Carrie Gustafson and Peter Juviler ( Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1999 ), 145–73.
Frances Raday, “Religion and Patriarchal Politics: The Israeli Experience,” in Howland, Religious Fundamentalisms, 163–64.
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See entry on Morocco in Kevin Boyle and Juliet Sheen, eds., Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report (New York: Routiedge, 1997), 48–50, and Ann Elizabeth Mayer, “Religious Reservations,” in Howland, Religious Fundamentalisms, 107–08.
Islamic fury over plans for women,“ Sydney Morning Herald, 31 January 2000.
See discussion on freedom of religion and belief’s internal and external forays in Bahiyyih G. Tahzib, “Women’s Equal Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief: An Important but Neglected Subject,” in Howland, Religious Fundamentalisms, 119–23.
See Donna E. Arzt, “The Treatment of Religious Dissidents under Classical and Contemporary Islamic Law,” in Religious Human Rights in Global Perspective: Religious Perspectives, 387–453.
See entry on Algeria in Boyle and Sheen, Freedom of Religion and Belief, 20–25.
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Sydney Morning Herald, 4 May 1999; Guardian Weekly, 16 May 1999.
See the entries on France (296–300) and Turkey (395–97) in Boyle and Sheen, Freedom of Religion and Belief
See Donna J. Sullivan, “Gender Equality and Religious Freedom: Toward a Framework for Conflict Resolution,” NYU Journal of International Law and Politics 24 (1992): 795; ICCPR, art. 40, para. 4; Human Rights Committee General Comment 22.
Ratna Kapur thus finds government use of the language of equality suspect. See Kapur, “The Two Faces of Secularism and Women’s Rights in India,” in Howland, Religious Fundamentalisms, 147–48. See also discussion of the Shah Bano case in Sullivan, “Gender Equality and Religious Freedom,” 849–52.
Guardian Weekly, 18–24 November 1999.
Guardian Weekly, 3–9 February 2000.
Boyle and Sheen, Freedom of Religion and Belief, 232.
Lucinda Joy Peach, “Buddhism and Human Rights in the Thai Sex Trade,” in Howland, Religious Fundamentalisms, 219.
See Suwanna Satha-Anand, “Truth over Convention: Feminist Interpretations of Buddhism,” in Howland, Religious Fundamentalisms, 281–91.
Chinkin, “Cultural Relativism and International Law,” 63.
Sullivan, “Gender Equality and Religious Freedom,” 856.
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Sheen, J. (2004). Burdens on the Right of Women to Assert Their Freedom of Religion or Belief. In: Lindholm, T., Durham, W.C., Tahzib-Lie, B.G., Sewell, E.A., Larsen, L. (eds) Facilitating Freedom of Religion or Belief: A Deskbook. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5616-7_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5616-7_21
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