Apophantics, as theory of senses, and truth-logic

Abstract

The result of these observations — which have concerned the manners of judging [Urteilsweisen] that belong to, and the intentionality that holds sway in, the sciences — will help us to progress in our structural understanding of the idea of logic. We recall that, from its inception, logic intended to be theory of science. Accordingly it always looked to the antecedent beginnings, or the extensively executed projects, of the sciences as its field of examples; and it understood reason and rational production according to that moment in scientific projects which, though not at hand as an actualization of the ideal, nevertheless evinced in itself the ideal final sense of scientific intentionality. This makes it comprehensible that, for logic, the judgment-sphere purely as such had to be set apart and first of all become a thematic field by itself. / Logic, as theory of science, therefore constituted itself, from the very beginning, as a science that intended to serve that criticism which creates genuine science. The cognitions, the sciences, which it looked upon as examples, it took as mere claims — that is: as were “judgments” (suppositions) and judgment-systems, which must be submitted to criticism and which then, as determined with the aid of criticism, must be fashioned in such a manner that the predicate “truth” can be rightly ascribed to them. Thus logic followed the attitude of the critic — who judges, not straightforwardly, but rather about judgments. Only mediately, therefore, as long as it remained a logic of judgments, was logic directed to the existent itself as possibly making its appearance in activities that fashion and give something itself; immediately it was directed to judgments, of something existent. As “formal logic”, which was, after all, traditionally meant and developed entirely as a logic of judgments, it had as its theme those judgment-forms that, as eidetic laws, are conditions for possible adequation to something existent itself.