Abstract
Further results and extensions of a simple northern hemispheric ice-sheet model are described for the Quaternary ice ages. The model predicts ice thickness and bedrock deformation in a north-south cross section, with a prescribed snow-budget distribution shifted vertically to represent the orbital pertur-bations. An ice calving parameterization is added, crudely representing proglacial lakes or marine incursions that attack the ice whenever the tip drops below sea level. With this extension the model produces a large 100 kyr response with complete de-glaciations, and agrees fairly well with the δ18 0 deep-sea core records.
The observed phase-correlation between the 100 kyr cycles and eccentricity is examined. First, the model is shown to give a~ 100 kyr response to nearly any kind of higher-frequency forcing. Although over the last two million years the model phase is mainly controlled by the precessional modulation due to eccentricity, over just the last 600 kyr the observed phase can also be simulated with eccentricity held constant. A definitive conclusion on the phase-control of the Quaternary ice ages is prevented by uncertainty in the deep-sea-core time scales before ~600 kyr BP
As an alternative to the calving mechanism, a generalized parameterization for the feedback effects of a North Atlantic deglacial meltwater layer is examined. Much the same ice-age simulations and agreement with the δ 180 records as with the calving mechanism can still be obtained, but only with implausibly sensitive feedbacks.
Alternate treatments of some other model components are described briefly, including the coupling to a global seasonal climate model. Despite these modifications, nearly the same ice-age simulations as with the basic model can still be obtained.
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Pollard, D. (1984). Some Ice-Age Aspects of a Calving Ice-Sheet Model. In: Berger, A., Imbrie, J., Hays, J., Kukla, G., Saltzman, B. (eds) Milankovitch and Climate. NATO ASI Series, vol 126. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4841-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4841-4_4
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