Abstract
The extra-territorial application of restrictive trade legislation had been a fact before it became a legal subject. The fact developed in the United States where the Courts, convinced as they were that the antitrust laws were the expression of an enlightened policy that had not yet found recognition in other countries, sought to ensure for this policy the widest possible application. The U.S. anti-trust laws were applied to U.S. enterprises wherever they actedl and they were applied to foreign enterprises wherever they acted2, the effect on U.S. foreign commerce being considered sufficient to command such application.
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References
U.S. v. Holophane., 1.19 F. Supp. 114.
U.S. v. Aluminum Co of America, 248 F. 2d 416. 3I.L.A. Report of the Fifty-first Conference, p. 565–592. 4G. van Hecke, Rec. Cours 2969 I—p. 423.
Cf. G. W. Haight, ch. 6: The Swiss Watchmakers Case, in Rahl (ed.), Common Market and American Anti-trust-Overlap and Conflict.
I.L.A. Report of the Fifty-fourth Conference, p. XII-XIII. 8I.L.A. Report of the Fifty-third conference, p. 394.
I.L.A. Report of the Fifty-fourth Conference, p. 218.
IOU. E. Günther, in Kartelle und Monopole im modernen Recht II, pp. 559–562.
There is already a vast literature on these rules. Cf. inter alia, Wohlfarth, Die EWG; Novelles, Droit des Communautés Européennes; Van Gerven, Principes du Droit des Ententes de la CEE.
e.g. Wengler, Völkerrecht, p. 938; O’Connell, International law, pp. 890–896. Cf. also E. Mezger, Pratiques restrictives de la concurrence, in Répertoire de droit international II; C. E. Maw, I. N. P. Stokes and G. W. Haight, ch. 7: The limits under international law of national jurisdiction to regulate the conduct of international trade, in: Rahl (ed.) Common Market and American Anti-trust-Overlap and Conflict. sRule I of the New York Conference Resolution.
C. I. J., Affaire des Emprunts Norvégiens I, p. 31 of the French Mémoire and pp. 398–412 of the French réplique.
Cí. R. Ago, La codification du droit international, En hommage à Paul Guggenheim, p. 98, note 7.
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van Hecke, G. (1973). The Present State of the Law Regarding the Extra-Territorial Application of Restrictive Trade Legislation. In: Bos, M. (eds) The Present State of International Law and Other Essays. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4497-3_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4497-3_14
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