Skip to main content

Reconsidering bracket erasure

  • Chapter
Yearbook of Morphology 2001

Part of the book series: Yearbook of Morphology ((YOMO))

Abstract

Whether there are limits on the amount of morphological information that the grammar can access has been the topic of much debate. In early cyclic approaches to phonology (Chomsky, Halle & Lukoff 1956, Chomsky & Halle 1968), the erasure of morphological boundaries at the end of cycles (Bracket Erasure) was simply a mechanism that drove the cyclic derivation. In The Sound Pattern of English (SPE), for example, Chomsky & Halle (1968) derived cyclic phonology in the following way

We are grateful to Larry Hyman, Paul Kiparsky, Steven Lapointe, Edward Flemming, Arto Anttila, Rich Rhodes, Charles Fillmore, Thomas Shannon, Paul Kay, David Perlmutter, Jsye Padgett, Andrew Dolbey, and Steven Bird for comments on this work.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ackerman, F. and P. LeSourd (1993). Towards a lexical representation of complex predicates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paper presented at the Complex Predicates Workshop, Stanford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alderete, J. (1999). Morphologically Governed Accent in Optimality Theory. PhD thesis, University of Massachussets, Amherst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, M. (1978). Morphological Investigations. PhD thesis, University of Connecticut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, S.R. (1992). A-Morphous Morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Aronoff, M. (1976). Word Formation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronoff, M. (1994). Morphology by Itself: Stems and Inflectional Classes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, C. (1989). Extrametricality, the cycle, and Turkish word stress. Phonology at Santa Cruz 1, UC Santa Cruz, 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benua, L. (1997). Transderivational identity. Phonological Relations between Words. PhD thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bochner, H. (1993). Simplicity in Generative Morphology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Booij, G. (1997). Non-derivational phonology meets lexical phonology. In I. Roca (ed.), Derivations and Constraints in Phonology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 261–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briscoe, T., A. Copestake, and V. de Paiva. (1993). Inheritance, Defaults, and the Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, E. (1996). Constraint Domains in Kashaya. Proceedings of WCCFL 14. Stanford: CSLI, 47–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, B. (1992). The Logic of Typed Feature Structures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (1998). Review of Anderson, Stephen, A-morphous Morphology. In A. Spencer and A. Zwicky (eds.), Handbook of Morphology. Oxford: Blackwell, 123–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N. and M. Halle. (1968). The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N., M. Halle, and E Lukoff. (1956). On accent and juncture in English. In M. Halle (ed.), For Roman Jakobson. The Hague: Mouton, 65–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, J. (1995). Eliminating cyclicity as a source of complexity in phonology. In. J. Cole

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Green and J. Morgan (eds.), Linguistics and Computation. Stanford: CSLI, 255–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabb, N. (1988). English suffixation is constrained only by selectional restrictions. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6, 527–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fillmore, C.J. and P. Kay (1996). Construction grammar. Ms., UC Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillmore, C.J. and P Kay (1999). Grammatical Constructions and Linguistic Generalizations: the What’s X Doing Y? Construction. Language 75, 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillmore, C.J., P. Kay, and M.C. O’Connor (1988). Regularity and idiomaticity in grammatical constructions: the case of let alone. Language 64, 501–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flickinger, D. (1987). Lexical Rules in the Hierarchical Lexicon. PhD thesis, Stanford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gazdar, G., E. Klein, G. Pullum and I. Sag (1985). Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith, J. (1993). Harmonic Phonology. In J. Goldsmith (ed.), The Last Phonological Rule. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 21–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith, J., ed. (1999). Phonological Theory: the Essential Readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halle, M. and J.-R. Vergnaud (1987a). An Essay on Stress. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halle, M. and J.-R. Vergnaud (1987b). Stress and the cycle. Linguistic Inquiry 18, 45–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, M. (1992). Morphemic circumscription. In G. Booij and J. van Marie (eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 1991. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 195–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyman, L. M. (1994). Cyclic phonology and morphology in Cibemba. In J. Cole and C. Kisseberth (eds.), Perspectives in Phonology. Stanford: CSLI, 81–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkelas, S. (1990). Prosodic Constituency in the Lexicon. New York: Garland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkelas, S. (1996). Dominant affixes and the phonology-morphology interface. In U. Kleinhenz (ed.), Interfaces in Phonology. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 128–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkelas, S. (1998). The theoretical status of morphologically conditioned phonology: a case study of dominance effects. In G. Booij and J. van Marie (eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 1997. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 121–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkelas, S. (1999). Exceptional stress-attracting suffixes in Turkish: Representations vs. the grammar. In R. Kager, H. van der Hu1st and W. Zonneveld (eds.), The Prosody-Morphology Interface. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 134–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkelas, S. and C.O. Orgun (1998). Level non-ordering in recursive morphology: Evidence from Turkish. In S. Lapointe, D. Brentari and P. Farrell (eds.), Morphology and its Relation to Phonology and Syntax. Stanford: CSLI, 360–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkelas, S., C.O. Orgun and C. Zoll. (1997). The implications of lexical exceptions for the nature of grammar. In I. Roca (ed.), Derivations and Constraints in Phonology. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 393–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inkelas, S. and C. Zoll (2000). Reduplication as morphological doubling. Ms., UC Berkeley and MIT. Available electronically on the Rutgers Optimality Archive (http://roa.rutgers.edu).

    Google Scholar 

  • Itô, J. and A. Mester (1995). Japanese phonology. In J. Goldsmith (ed.), The Handbook of Phonological Theory. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 816–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, R. and J. Bresnan (1982). Lexical-functional grammar: a formal system for grammatical representation. In J. Bresnan (ed.), The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 173–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karttunen, L. (1993). Finite-state constraints. In J. Goldsmith (ed.), The Last Phonological Rule. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 173–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, C. (1994). Morphological alignment and head projection. In J. Merchant, J. Padgett and R. Walker (eds.). Phonology at Santa Cruz 3, UC Santa Cruz, 47–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenstowicz, M. (1996). Base identity and uniform exponence: Alternatives to cyclicity. In J. Durand and S. Laks (eds.), Current Trends in Phonology: Models and Methods. Salford: ESRI, 363–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiparsky, P. (1982). Lexical morphology and phonology. In I.-S. Yang (ed.), Linguistics in the Morning Calm. Seoul: Hanshin, 3–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiparsky, P. (1984). A compositional approach to Vedic word accent. In Amrtadhara: Prof. R.N. Dandeka Felicitation Volume. S.D. Joshi (ed.), Jawahar Nagar Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 201–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchner, R. (1993). Turkish vowel disharmony in optimality teory. Available electronically on the Rutgers Optimality Archive, http://roa.rutgers.edu.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, J.-P. (1994). Lexical Underspecification and the Syntax/Semantics Interface. PhD thesis, UC Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, J.-P. (1999). Lexical relations. Stanford, CA: CSLI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, J.-P. and D. Jurafsky. (1994). Type underspecification and on-line type construction in the lexicon. Proceedings of WCCFL 13. Stanford: CSLI, 270–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G. (1993). Cognitive phonology. In J. Goldsmith (ed.), The Last Phonological Rule. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 117–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieber, R. (1980). On the Organization of the Lexicon. PhD dissertation, MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. and A. Prince. (1986). Prosodic morphology. Ms., University of Massachusetts, Amherst and Brandeis University. Condensed version appears in Goldsmith 1999, 238–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. and A. Prince (1990). Foot and word in prosodic morphology: the Arabic broken plurals. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8, 209–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. and A. Prince (1994a). Generalized alignment. In G. Booij and J. van Marie (eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 1993. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 79–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. and A. Prince (1994b). The emergence of the unmarked. In M. Gonzàlez (ed)., Proceedings of NELS 24. Amherst, MA: GLSA, 333–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. and A. Prince (1995). Faithfulness and reduplicative identity. In J. Beckman, L. Dickey and S. Urbanczyk (eds.), UMOP 18: Papers in Optimality Theory. Amherst, MA: GLSA, 249–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. and A. Prince (1999). Faithfulness and identity in prosodic morphology. In R. Kager, H. van der Hulst and W. Zonneveld (eds.), The Prosody-Morphology Interface. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 218–309.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mohanan, K.P. (1986). Lexical Phonology. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odden, D. (1994). Adjacency parameters in phonology. Language 70, 289–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orgun, C.O. (1994). Monotonic cyclicity and optimality theory. In M. Gonzàlez (ed.), Proceedings of NELS 24, 461–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orgun, C.O. (1996a). Sign-Based Morphology and Phonology with Special Attention to Optimality Theory. PhD thesis, UC Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orgun, C.O. (1996b). Suspended affixation: a new look at the phonology-morphology inter- face. In U. Kleinhenz (ed.), Interfaces in Phonology. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 251–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orgun, C.O. (1998). Cyclic and noncyclic phonological effects in a declarative grammar. In G. Booij and J. van Marie (eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 1997. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 179–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orgun, C.O. and R. Sprouse (1999). From MParse to control: Deriving Ungrammaticality. Phonology 16, 191–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pesetsky, D. (1979). Russian morphology and lexical theory. Ms., MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollard, C. and I.A. Sag (1987). Information-Based Syntax and Semantics, Volume 1: Fundamentals. Stanford: CSLI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollard, C. and I.A. Sag (1994). Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poser, W.J. (1982). Phonological representation and action-at-a-distance. In H. van der Hulst and N. Smith (eds.), The Structure of Phonological Representations, part 1. Dordrecht: Foris, 121–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poser, W.J. (1984). The Phonetics and Phonology of Tone and Intonation in Japanese. PhD Thesis, MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prince, A. and P. Smolensky (1993). Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Unpublished ms., Rutgers University and the University of Colorado at Boulder. To appear, MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raffelsiefen, R. (1992). A nonconfigurational approach to morphology. In M. Aronoff (ed.), Morphology Now. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 133–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riehemann, S. (1993). Word Formation in Lexical Type Hierarchies. MA thesis, University of Tubingen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riehemann, S. (1994). Morphology and the hierarchical lexicon. Ms., Stanford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sag, I. and T. Wasow (1999). Syntactic Theory: an Introduction. Stanford: CSLI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selkirk, E. (1982). The Syntax of Words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sezer, E. (1981). On non-final stress in Turkish. Journal of Turkish Studies (TUBA)5, 61–9. Siegel, D. (1974). Topics in English Morphology. PhD thesis, MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, D. (1978). The adjacency condition and the theory of morphology. Proceedings of NELS 8. Amherst, MA: GLSA, 189–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stump, G. (1988). Non-local spirantization in Breton. Linguistics 24, 457–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webelhuth, G. and E Ackerman (1998). A Theory of Predicates. Stanford: CSLI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, A. C.-L. (2000). Stress assignment in Tohono O’odham. Phonology 17, 117–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zwicky, A.M. (1994). Morphological metageneralizations: Morphology, phonology, and morphonology. Paper presented at the Foreign Language Conference, University of Kentucky.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Orgun, C.O., Inkelas, S. (2002). Reconsidering bracket erasure. In: Booij, G., Van Marle, J. (eds) Yearbook of Morphology 2001. Yearbook of Morphology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3726-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3726-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6061-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3726-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics