Abstract
This paper examines how Vietnam is perceived by Vietnamese migrants (Viet kieu) resident in Australia and explores the impact of cultural factors on their travel consumption with particular reference to return visits to Vietnam. A framework is proposed to explain these relationships, highlighting the role of those cultural factors such as family structure, lifestyle, kinship and marriage in light of the diaspora experience. As was shown in work published previously by the authors, return trips to Vietnam prompt participants to consider issues of identity, rootlessness and belonging and about the relationship between past and present. The Viet kieu share a strong sense of history and culture, having experienced the physical and emotional trauma of migration. Their experience raises broader questions about the way that migrants view the world such as the differences between the “imagined” country left behind and the reality of life in Vietnam. The former becomes a kaleidoscope of landscapes, people, buildings and objects. It is the view of the authors that the decision to travel back to Vietnam may be prompted by a desire to maintain Vietnamese identity and meaning, thereby enabling travellers to maintain a degree of normality in their new social environment.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adler, N. J. and Graham, J.L. (1989) Cross cultural interaction: The international comparison fallacy? Journal of International Business Studies 20, 515–537.
Aduki Pty. Ltd. (1994) Statistic Appendix to Vietnam: Economic Commentary and Analysis, Aduki, Canberra.
Australian Bureau of Statistics, Overseas Arrivals and Departures,Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra, various.
Banton, M. (1973) The Social Anthropology of Complex Society, Tavistock Publications, London.
Bhabha, H. (ed.) (1990) Nation and Narration, Routledge, London.
Blaine, T.W., Mohammed, G., Ruppel, F. and Var, T. (1995) US Demand for Vietnam Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research 22 (4), 934–936.
Broude, G.J. (1994) Marriage, Family, and Relationships: A Cross-Cultural Encyclopedia, ABC - CLIO, Santa Barbara.
Dwyer L. (eds.) (1993) Tourism - Immigration Interrelationships, Bureau of Immigration, Multicultural and Population Research, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Bureau of Immigration, Multicultural and Population Research (BIMPR) (1994) Community Profile 1991 Census - Vietnam Born. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Bureau of Immigration, Multicultural and Population Research (BIMPR) (1996) Australia’s Population Trends and Prospects 1995, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Chan, R. and Lau, L. (1998) A test of the Fishbein — Ajzen behavioural intentions model under Chinese cultural settings: are there any differences between PRC and Hong Kong consumers? Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science 4 (3), 85–101.
Cohen, R. (1997) Global Diasporas: An Introduction, University College London Press, London.
Cox, D. (1980) Migration and Integration in the Australian Context, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
Crompton, J. (1981) Dimensions of the social group role in pleasure vacations. Annals of Tourism Research 8 (4), 550–567.
Frideres, J. and Goldenberg, S. (1982) Ethnic identity: Myth and reality in Western Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 6, 137–151.
Giddens, A. (1991) Modernity and Self —Identity, Polity, Cambridge.
Hassan, R. (1985) Vietnamese families, in D. Storer (eds), Ethnic Family Values in Australia, Prentice Hall, Sydney.
Hiebert, M. (1993) Vietnam Notebook, Review Publishing Company Limited, Hongkong. Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture’s Consequences: National Differences in Thinking and Organising, Sage Press, California.
Hoskins, M.W. (1976) Vietnamese women: Their roles and their options, in D.J. Banks (eds), Changing Identities in Modern Southeast Asia, Mouton, The Hague, pp. 127–146.
Kindra, G.S., Laroche, M. and Muller, T.E. (1993) Consumer Behaviour, Nelson, Ontario.
King, B. (1994) What is ethnic tourism? An Australian perspective, Tourism Management 15 (3), 173–176.
King, B. (1998) How to Approach the Australian Travel Market, Paper presented at the Seminar on Tourism Marketing Organised by World Tourism Organisation in Hanoi 4 —5 March 1998.
King, B. and Fahey, S. (1993) Indochina — Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, International Tourism Reports 2, 59–75.
Laroche, M., Kim, C. and Tomiuk, M.A. (1999) Italian ethnic identity and its relative impact on the consumption of convenience and traditional foods, British Food Journal 101 (3): 201–228.
Lee, C. and Green, R.T. (1991) Cross-cultural examination of the Fishbein behavioural intentions models, Journal of International Business Studies 2, 289–305.
Lloga, E.S. (1996) Between ‘home and exile’. identity making and cultural articulation amongst the Albanians in Australia, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Victoria University, Melbourne.
Luong, V. Hy (1990) Discursive Practices and Linguistic Meanings: the Vietnamese System of Person Reference, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
Mok, C. and DeFranco, A.L. (1999) Chinese cultural values: Their implications for travel and tourism marketing. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 8 (2), 99–114.
Mindel, C. (1981) Ethnic Families in American: Patterns and Variations, Elsevier North Holland, New York.
Muzny, C.C. (1985) The Vietnamese in Okalahoma City: A study of ethnic change, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Nguyen, D.H. (1995) Politeness makers in Vietnamese requests, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Monash University, Melbourne.
Nguyen, T.H. (1996) Ethnic Vietnamese travel from Australia to Vietnam. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Victoria University, Melbourne.
Nguyen, T.H. and King, B.E.M. (1998) Migrant homecomings: Viet Kieu attitudes towards travelling back to Vietnam, Pacific Tourism Review 1 (1), 349–361.
Nguyen, T.H., Waryszak, R.Z. and King, B.E.M. (1999) Migrants and their overseas travels: A psychographic segmentation of Australia’s Vietnamese community, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 3 (1): 9–18.
Nguyen, X.T. (1994) Vietnamese Studies in a Multicultural World, Vietnamese Language and Culture Publication, Melbourne.
Nguyen, X.T. and Cahill, D. (1986) Understanding Vietnamese Refugees in Australia, Occasional Papers no. 1/1986, Phillip Institute of Technology, School of Community Studies, Melbourne.
Nien-Chu Kiang (1995) Bicultural strengths and struggles of Southeast Asian Americans in school, in A. Darder (eds), Culture and Difference: Critical Perspective on the Bicultural Experience in the United States, Bergin & Garvey, Westport.
Parker, D. (1995) Through Different Eyes: The Cultural Identities of Young Chinese People in Britain, Gower, Aldershot.
Pham, K.V. (1990) The Vietnamese Culture: An Introduction, The Pham Kim Vinh Research Institute, Solana Beach.
Prevot, H. (1993) Social policies for the integration of immigrants, in The Changing Course of International Migration, OECD, Paris.
Schiffman, L.G. and Kanuk, L.L. (1994) Consumer Behaviour, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
Taft, R. (1965) From Stranger to Citizen, University of West Australia, Nedlands.
Te, H.D. (1962) Vietnamese cultural patterns and values as expressed in proverbs, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Thomas, M. (1996) Place, Memory, and Identity in the Vietnamese Diaspora. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Australian National University, Canberra.
Thomas, T. and Balnaves. M. (1993) New Land, Last Home: The Vietnamese Elderly and the Family Migration Program, Bureau of Immigration and Population Research, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Tran, D.D. (1994) Race, ethnicity and political participation: The Greek and Vietnamese communities in Melbourne, Unpublished Master Thesis, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
Vietnam General Department of Tourism, Annual Statistics,various.
Viviani, N. (1984) The Long Journey: Vietnamese Migration and Settlement in Australia, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
Viviani, N. (1996) The Indochinese in Australia 1975–1995, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
Yancey, W., Eriksen. E. and Juliani, R. (1980) Emergent ethnicity: A review and reformulation. American Sociological Review 43, 391–403.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huong, N.T., King, B. (2002). Migrant Communities and Tourism Consumption. In: Hall, C.M., Williams, A.M. (eds) Tourism and Migration. The GeoJournal Library, vol 65. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3554-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3554-4_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5946-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3554-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive