Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Action of Growth Regulators

  • Chapter
Tissue Culture in Forestry

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 5))

Abstract

All tissue and organ culture systems used with forest species make use of natural or artificial plant growth regulators. Without added hormones, most tissues do not remain viable, much less grow in the manner we wish. Unfortunately, few studies have dealt with the mechanism of hormone action; instead, effective hormones and their concentration have been derived empirically. We are therefore left with a wide range of hormones that have been applied to a number of species with sometimes conflicting results. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize some of these results, particularly those from recent papers, and arrive at generalizations where possible. Since extensive reviews are available elsewhere (9, 13, 89), no attempt will be made here to list every paper which has reported use of a growth regulator in an aseptic culture system of a forest species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Al-Talib KH, Torrey JG (1959) The aseptic culture of isolated buds of Pseudotsuga taxifolia. Plant Physiol 34: 630–637.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Anonymous (1975) Induction of haploid poplar plants from another culture in-vitro. Sci Sinica 18: 769–777.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Arnold S von, Eriksson T (1978) Induction of adventitious buds on embryos of Norway spruce grown in vitro. Physiol Plant 44: 283–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Arnold S von, Eriksson T (1979) Induction of adventitious buds on buds of Norway spruce (Picea abies) grown in vitro. Physiol Plant 45: 29–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Arnold S von, Eriksson T (1979) Bud induction on isolated needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies) grown in vitro. Plant Sci Lett 15: 363–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bapat VA, Rao PS (1979) Somatic enbryogenesis and plantlet formation in tissue cultures of sandalwood (Santalum album L.). Ann Bot 44: 629–630.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Barker PK, De Fossard RA, Bourne RA (1977) Progress toward clonal propagation of eucalyptus species by tissue culture techniques. Proc Int Plant Prop Soc 27: 546–556.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bawa KS, Stettler FR (1972) Organ culture with black cottonwood: morphogenetic response of female catkin primordia. Can J Bot 50: 1627–1631.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bonga JM (1977) Applications of tissue culture in forestry. In: Reinert J, Bajaj YPS, eds, Applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell, tissue, and organ culture. New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 93–108.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bornman CH, Jansson E (1980) Organogenesis in cultured Pinus sylvestris tissue. Z Pflanzenphysiol 96: 1–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Boulay M (1979) Propagation in vitro du Douglas par micropropagation de bourgeons dormants. In: Micropropagation d’abres forestiers. AFOCEL Report no. 12–6 /79, p 67–75.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Brown CL, Lawrence RH (1968) Culture of pine callus on a defined medium. For Sci 14: 62–64.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Brawn CL, Sommer HE (1975) An atlas of gymnosperms cultured in vitro: 1924–1974. Macon, Ga.: Georgia Forest Research Council.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Brown CL, Sommer HE (1977) Bud and root differentiation in conifer cultures. Tappi 60: 72–73.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Campbell RA, Durzan DJ (1975) Induction of multiple buds and needles in tissue cultures of Picea glauca. Can J Bot 53: 1652–1657.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Campbell RA, Durzan DJ (1976) Vegetative propagation of Picea glauca by tissue culture. Can J For Res 6: 240–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chalupa V (1974) Control of root and shoot formation and production of trees from poplar callus. Biol Plant 16: 316–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Chalupa V (1975) Induction of organogenesis in forest tree tissue cultures. Commun Inst For Cech 9: 39–50.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chalupa V (1977) Organogenesis in Norway spruce and Douglas fir tissue cultures. Commun Inst For Cech 10: 79–87.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chalupa V, Durzan DJ (1973) Growth of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] tissue and cell cultures. Commun Inst For Cech 8: 111–125.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Chalupa V, Durzan DJ (1973) Growth and development of resting buds of conifers in vitro. Can J For Res 3: 196–208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chalupa V, Dujickova M, Kohout R (1975) Regenerace stroMku z kalusovych tkani nekterych listnatych lesnich strum u. Lesnictvi zi (XLVIII) E 12: 1039–1054.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Chalupa V, Durzan DJ, Vithayasai C (1976) Growth and metabolism of cells and tissue of jack pine (Pinus banksiana). II. The quantitative analysis of the growth of callus from hyp000tyls and radicles. Can J Bot 54: 446–455.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cheah K-T, Cheng T-Y (1978) Histological analysis of adventitious bud formation in cultured Douglas-fir cotyledon. Am J Bot 65: 845–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Cheng T-Y (1975) Adventitious bud formation in culture of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Plant Sci Lett 5: 97–102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cheng T-Y (1976) Vegetative propagation of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) through tissue culture. Plant Cell Physiol 17: 1347–1350.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cheng T-Y (1977) Factors effecting adventitious bud formation of cotyledon culture of Douglas-fir. Plant Sci Lett 9: 179–187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cheng T-Y (1979) Recent advances in development of in vitro techniques for Douglas-fir. IN: Sharp WR, Larsen P0, Paddock EF, Raghavan V, eds, Plant cell and tissue culture: Principles and applications. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, p 493–508.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cheng, T-Y, Voqui TH (1977) Regeneration of Douglas-fir plantlets through tissue culture. Science 198: 306–307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Christie CB (1978) Rapid propagation of aspens and silver poplars using tissue culture techniques. Proc Int Plant Prop Soc 28: 255–260.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Coleman WK, Thorpe TA (1976) Induction of buds in tissue cultures of 4 different conifers. Plant Physiol Suppl 57: 5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Coleman WK, Thorpe TA (1977) In-vitro culture of western red-cedar Thuja plicata). I. Plantlet formation. Bot Gaz 138: 298–304.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Coleman WK, Thorpe TA (1978) In-vitro culture of western red-cedar (Thuja plicata). II. Induction of male strobili from vegetative shoot tips. Can J Bot 56: 557–564.

    Google Scholar 

  34. David A, David H (1977) ‘Manifestations de diverses potentialites organogenes d’organes ou de fragments d’organes de pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Sol.) en culture in vitro. C R Acad Sci 627–630.

    Google Scholar 

  35. David A, David H (1979) Isolation and callus formation from cotyledon protoplasts of pine (Pinus pinaster). Z Pflanzenphysiol 94: 173–178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Dhawan AK, Malik CP (1981) Effect of growth regulators and light on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Ann Bot 47: 239–248.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Durzan 1X1, Lopushanski SM (1975) Propagation of American elm via cell suspension cultures. Can J For Res 5: 273–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Fortin JA, Piche Y (1979) Cultivation of Pinus strobus root hypocotyl explants for synthesis of ectomycorrhizae. New Phytol 83: 109–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. de Fossard RA, Bennett MP, Gorst JR, Bourne RA (1978) Tissue culture propagation of Eucalyptus ficifolia F. Muell. Proc Int Plant Prop Soc 28: 427–435.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Gautheret RJ (1934) Culture of cambial tissue. C R Acad Sci 198: 2195–2196.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Greenwood MS, Harlow AC, Hodgson HD (1974) The role of auxin metabolism in root meristem regeneration by Pinus lambertiana embryo cuttings. Physiol Plant 32: 198–202.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Gupta PK, Nadgir AL, Mascarenhas AF, Jagannathan V (1980) Tissue culture of forest tree clonal multiplication of Tectona grandis teak by tissue culture. Plant Sci Lett 17: 259–268.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Harvey AE, Gresham JL (1969) Procedures and media for obtaining axenic tissue cultures of 12 conifer species. Can J Bot 47: 547–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Harvey AE, Gresham JL, Waldron CC (1971) The effects of growth regulating compounds on healthy and blister rust infected tissue cultures of Pinus monticola. Phytopathology 61: 507–509.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hecht SM (1980) Probing the cytokinin receptor site(s). IN: Skoog, F, ed, Plant growth substances. Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Plant Growth Subst. New York: Springer-Verlag, p 144–158.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hricova D, Strmen J, Bauer S (1974) Preparation and characterization of the tissue culture of spruce (Picea excelsa Link.). Biol Plant 16: 118–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Huhtinen O, Yahydoglu Z (1974) Das Fruhe Bluhen von aus Kalluskulturen herausgezogenen Pflanzen bei der Birke (Betula pendula Roth.). Silvae Genet 23: 32–34.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Isikawa H (1974) In vitro formation of adventitious buds and mots on the hypocotyl of Cryptaneria japonica. Bot Mag 86: 73–77.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Jacquiot C (1964) Application de la technique de culture des tissues vegetaux a l’etude de quelques problemes de la physiologie de l’arbre. Ann Sci For 21: 309–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Jacquiot C (1966) Plant tissues and excised organ cultures and their significance in forest research. J Inst Wood Sci (London) 16: 22–34.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Jacquiot C (1969) Effect of some purine derivatives on the growth and organogenesis in tree tissues cultivated in vitro. Ann Sci For 26: 131.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Jansson E, Bornmann CH (1980) In vitro phyllanorphic regeneration of shoot buds and shoots in Picea abies. Physiol Plant 49: 105–111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Johnson MA, Carlson JA (1979) Indoleacetic acid oxidase and related enzymes in cultured and seedling Douglas-fir. Biochem Physiol Pflanzen 174: 115–127.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kevers C, Coumans M, De Greef W, Hofinger M, Gaspar TL (1981) Habituation in sugarbeet callus: Auxin content, auxin protectors, peroxidase pattern and inhibitors. Physiol Plant 51: 281–286.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Kirby EG, Cheng T-Y (1979) Colony formation from protoplasts derived from Douglas-fir cotyledons. Plant Sci Lett 14: 145–154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kitahara EH, Caldas LS (1975) Shoot and root formation in hypocotyl callus cultures of Eucalyptus alba. For Sci 21: 242–243.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Konar RN (1974) In vitro studies on Pinus. I. Establishment and growth of callus. Physiol Plant 32: 193–197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Konar RN (1975) In vitro studies on Pinus. II. The growth and morphogenesis of cell cultures from Pinus gerardiana. Phytonorphology 25: 55–59.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Konar 1äV, Singh MN (1980) Induction of shoot buds from tissue cultures of Pinus wallichiana. Z Pflanzenphysiol 99: 173–177.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Lance B, Reid D, Thorpe T (1976) Endogenous gibberellins and growth of tobacco callus cultures. Physiol Plant 36: 287–292.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lee CM, De Fossard RA (1974) The effects of various auxins and cytokinins on the in vitro culture of stem and ligno tuber tissues of Eucalyptus bancroftii. New Phytol 73: 707–717.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Le Page-Degivery MT (1973) Influence of abscisic acid on the germination of the embryos of Taxus baccata cultured in-vitro. Z Pflanzenphysiol 70: 406–413.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Loo SW,Wang FH (1943) The culture of young conifer embryos in vitro. Science 98:544.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Mathes MC (1964) The in vitro formation of plantlets from isolated aspen tissue. Phyton 21: 137–141.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Mehra-Palata A, Mott RL, Smeltzer RH (1977) Hormonal control of induced organogenesis from excised plant parts of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). In: TAPPI Forest Biology/Wbod Chemistry Conference Papers. Madison, Wis., p 15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Mehra-Palata A, Anand M (1979) Cytology of callus of Cryptcmeria japonica. Physiol Plant 45: 127–131.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Miller W, Skoog F, Okumura FS, et al. (1955) Structure and synthesis of kinetin. J Am Chem Soc 77: 2662–2663.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Minocha SC (1980) Callus and adventitious shoot formation in excised embryos of white pine (Pinus strobus). Can J Bot 58: 366–370.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Murashige T (1964) Analysis of the inhibition of organ formation in tobacco tissue culture by gibberellin. Physiol Plant 17: 636–643.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Murashige T (1974) Plant propagation through tissue cultures. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 25: 135–166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Nanda KK, Bhattacharya NC, Kochhar VK (1974) Biochemical basis of adventitious root formation on stem cuttings. N Z J For Sci 4: 347–358.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Narasimhan R, Dhruva B, Paranjpe SV, Kulkarni DD, Mascarenhas AF, David SB (1970) Tissue culture of some woody species. Proc. Indian Acad Sci (Sect B) 71: 204–212.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Overbeek J Van, Conklin ME, Blakeslee AF (1941) Factors in coconut milk essential for growth and development of very young Datura embryos. Science 94: 350–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Rao PS, Bapat VA (1978) Vegetative propagation of sandalwood plants through tissue culture. Can J Bot 56: 1153–1156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Reilly K, Washer J (1977) Vegetative propagation of radiata pine by tissue culture plantlet formation from embryonic tissue. N Z J For Sci 7: 199–206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Reilly K, Brown CL (1976) In vitro studies of bud and shoot formation in Pinus radiata and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Ga For Res Pap 86: 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Risser P3, White PR (1964) Nutritional requirements of spruce tumor cells in vitro. Physiol Plant 17: 620–635.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Roberts L, Tbrrey JG (1976) Cytodifferentiation in plant xylogenesis as a model system. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 160 p.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Rogozinska JH (1970) Culture of Scots pine callus and its nutritional requirements. Acta Soc Bot Pol XXXIX: 151–160.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Salmia MA (1975) Cytological studies on tissue culture of Pinus cembra var. sibirica. Physiol Plant 33: 58–61.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Sandberg G, Andersson B, Dunberg A (1981) Identification of 3-indoleacetic acid in Pinus Sylvestris L. by gas Chromatographymass spectrometry and quantitative analysis by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric detection. Planta (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  82. Seckinger GR, McCown BH, Struckmeyer BE (1979) Production of anomalous structures in Quercus rubra callus cultures. Am J Bot 66: 993–996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Shibakusa R (1979) Studies on the dormancy of Abies sachalinensis Masters. IV. Effects of growth substances on the growth of cultured embryonic shoots in the dormant period. J Jap For Soc 61: 47–52.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Singh BD, Harvey BL (1975) Does 2,4-D induce mitotic irregularities in plant tissue culture? Experientia 31: 785–787.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Sita GL (1979) Morphogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledonary cultures of Eucalyptus citriodora. Plant Sci Lett 14: 63–68.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Sita GL, Ram NVR, Vaidyanathan CS (1979) Differentiation of embryoids and plantlets from shoot callus of sandalwood (Santalum album). Plant Sci Lett 15: 265–270.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Skolmen FG, Mapes MD (1976) Acacia koa plantlets from somatic callus tissue. J Hered 67: 114–115.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Skoog F, Miller OJ (1957) Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Soc Exp Biol Symp 11: 118–131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Sonner HE, Brown CL (1979) Application of tissue culture to forest tree improvement. In: Sharp WR, Larsen P0, Paddock EF, Raghavan V, eds, Plant cell and tissue culture. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, p 461–491.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Straus J, Epp RR (1960) Response of Cupressus funebris tissue cultures to gibberellins. Science 131: 1806–1807.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Straus J, Gerding RK (1963) Auxin oxidase and growth control in tissue cultures of Ephedra. Plant Physiol 38: 621–627.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Sussex IM (1965) The origin and morphogenesis of eucalyptus cell populations. In: White PR, Grove AR, eds, Proc. Int. Congr. on Tissue Cult. Berkeley, Cal.: McCutchan Publishing OD., 553 p.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Sussex IM, Clutter ME (1959) Seasonal growth periodicity of tissue explants from woody perennial plants in vitro. Science 129: 836–837.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Thimann KV (1977) Hormone action in the whole life of plants. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 448 p.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Thomas MJ, Duhoux E, Vazart J (1977) In vitro organ initiation in tissue culture of Biota orientalis and other species of the Cupressaceae. Plant Sci Lett 8: 395–400.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Thompson DG, Norris JW, Norris RD, Zaerr JB (1981) Rapid isolation and quantitation of indoleacetic acid. Plant Physiol Suppl 67: 98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Thorpe T (1978) Physiological and biochemical aspects of organo-genesis in vitro. In: Thorpe T, ed, Frontiers of plant tissue culture. Calgary: University of Calgary Printing Services, p 49–58.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Tranvan H (1979) In-vitro adventitious bud formation on isolated seedlings of Pinus sylvestris. Biol Plant 21: 230–233.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Varnell RS, Vasil IK (1978) Experimental studies of the shoot apical meristem of seed plants. Am J Bot 65: 47–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Venverloo CJ (1973) The formation of adventitious organs. Acta Bot Neerl 22: 390–398.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Vieitez AM, Gonzalez ML, Vieitez E (1978) In-vitro culture of cotyledon tissue of Castanea sativa. Sci Hortic 8: 243–249.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Wareing PF, Phillips IDJ (1978) The control of growth and differentiation in plants. New York: Pergamon Press, Second Ed, 347 p.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Webb KJ, Street HE (1977) Morphogenesis in-vitro of Pinus contorta and Picea sitchensis. Acta Hortic 78: 259–269.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Weiler ER, Zieguer H (1981) Determination of phytohormones in phloem exudate from tree species by radioimmunoassay. Planta 152: 168–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Whitehead HCM, Giles KL (1977) Rapid propagation of poplars by tissue culture methods. N Z J For Sci 7: 40–43.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Winton LL (1968) Plantlets from aspen tissue culture. Science 160: 1234–1235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Winton LL (1970) Shoot and tree production from aspen tissue cultures. Am J Bot 57: 904–909.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Winton IL (1971) Tissue culture propagation of European aspen. For Sci 17: 348–350.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Winton LL (1972) Annotated bibliography of somatic conifer callus cultures. Genetics and Physiology Notes No. 16. Appleton, Wis.: Institute of Paper Chemistry.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Winton LL (1972) Bibliography of somatic callus cultures from deciduous trees. Genetics and Physiology Notes No. 17. Appleton, Wis.: Institute of Paper Chemistry.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Winton LL (1973) Bibliographic addendum on tree callus cultures. Genetics and Physiology Notes No. 18. Appleton, Wis.: Institute of Paper Chemistry.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Winton LL (1974) Second addendum to the bibliography of tree callus cultures. Genetics and Physiology Notes No. 19. Appleton, Wis.: Institute of Paper Chemistry.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Winton LL (1972) Callus and cell cultures of Douglas-fir. For Sci 18: 151–154.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Winton LL, Verhagen SA (1977) Shoots from Douglas-fir cultures. Can J Bot 55: 1246–1250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Withers L (1976) Studies on the growth in culture of plant cells. J Exp Bot 27: 1073–1084.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Wolter KE (1968) Root and shoot initiation in aspen callus cultures. Nature 219: 509–510.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Zaerr JB, Akiyoshi D, MacDonald EELS, Morris RD (1981) Combined high performance liquid dhronatography-radioimmune assay for cytokinins: A rapid and sensitive substitute for bioassay. Plant Physiol Suppl 67: 101.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Zajaczkowski S (1973) Auxin stimulation of cambial activity in Pinus sylvestris. I. The differential cambial response. Physiol Plant 29: 281–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Zajaczkowski S, Wodzicki TU (1975) Inhibition and requirement of natural stimulator for cambial xylem production in isolated stem segments of Pinus sylvestris. Physiol Plant 33: 71–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. B. Zaerr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. O. Mapes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Maritimes Forest Research Center, P.O. Box 4000, E3B 5P7, Fredericton, N.B., Canada

    J. M. Bonga

  2. Department of Pomology, University of California, 1035 Wickson Hall, 95616, Davis, California, USA

    D. J. Durzan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zaerr, J.B., Mapes, M.O. (1982). Action of Growth Regulators. In: Bonga, J.M., Durzan, D.J. (eds) Tissue Culture in Forestry. Forestry Sciences, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3538-4_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3538-4_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8272-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3538-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation