Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Potato late blight

  • Chapter
The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases

Abstract

Potato late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary may be the best known, longest studied and still among the most destructive of all plant diseases. Devastation caused by this plant pathogen in the late 1840s in Europe led to food shortages throughout Europe and gave rise to the Irish potato famine. The enormity of the famine initiated by this plant disease stimulated much investigation on plant diseases and led to the development of plant pathology as a distinct discipline. However, the impact of these studies had a much broader impact. Inoculation experiments by de Bary provided evidence for the causal role of this pathogen in the disease and contributed to the later acceptance of Pasteur’s more general germ theory of disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abad, Z.G., Abad, J.A. and Ochoa, C. (1995) Historical and scientific evidence that supports the modern theory of the Peruvian Andes as the centre of origin of Phytophthora infestans,in Phytophthora infestans 150, (eds L.J. Dowley, E. Bannon, L.R. Cooke et al.), Boole Press, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 239 – 245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrivon, D. (1995) Biology, ecology, and epidemiology of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans in soil. Phytopathology, 85, 1053 – 1056.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrivon, D. (1996) The origin of Phytophthora infestans populations present in Europe in the 1840s: a critical review of the historical and scientific evidence. Plant Pathology, 45, 1027 – 1035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1996) Late Blight: a Global Initiative, Centro Internacional de la Papa, Lima, Peru.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aylor, D.E. (1986) A framework for examining inter-regional aerial transport of fungal spores. Agricultural and Forestry Meteorology, 38, 263 – 288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bashi, E. and Aylor, D.E. (1983) Survival of detached sporangia of Peronospora destructor and Peronospora tabicina. Phytopathology, 73, 1135 – 1139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, R.D. and Jones, J.W. (1985) A general model for disease progress with functions for variable latency and lesion expansion on growing host plants. Phytopathology, 75, 792 – 797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourke, A. (1993) ‘The Visitation of God’? The potato and the great Irish famine, Lilliput Press, Dublin, Ireland, 230 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourke, P.M.A. (1964) Emergence of potato blight, 1843-46. Nature, 203, 805 – 808.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruhn, J.A. and Fry, W.E. (1981) Analysis of potato late blight epidemiology via simulation modeling. Phytopathology, 71, 612 – 616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, C.L. and Madden, L.V. (1990) Introduction to Plant Disease Epidemiology, John Wiley & Sons, New York City, 532 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colon, L.T., Budding, D.J., Paul Keizer, L.C. and Pieters, M.M.J. (1995) Components of resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in eight South American Solanum species. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 101, 441 – 456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, T.R., Koenig, J.P., Stevenson, W.R. et al. (1991) An integrated systems approach to potato crop management. Journal of Production Agriculture, 4, 453 – 460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, A.E. and Large, E.C. (1960) Potato Late Blight Epidemics Throughout the World, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 230 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosier, W. (1934) Studies in the Biology of Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, NY, 40 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Weille, G.A. (1963) Laboratory results regarding potato blight and their significance in the epidemiology of blight. European Potato Journal, 6, 121 – 130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Wolf, E.D. and Francl, L.J. (1997) Neural networks that distinguish infection periods of wheat tan spot in an outdoor environment. Phytopathology, 87, 83 – 87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deahl, K.L., Goth, R.W., Young, R. et al. (1991) Occurrence of the A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans in potato fields in the United States and Canada. American Potato Journal, 68, 717 – 726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deahl, K.L., Inglis, D.A. and DeMuth, S.P. (1993) Testing for resistance to metalaxyl in Phytophthora infestans isolates from northwestern Washington. American Potato Journal, 70, 779 – 795.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doster, M.A., Milgroom, M.G. and Fry, W.E. (1991) Quantification of factors influencing potato late blight suppression and selection for metalaxyl resistance in Phytophthora infestans: A simulation approach. Phytopathology, 81, 1190 – 1198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowley, L.J., Bannon, E., Cooke, L.R. et al. (eds) (1995) Phytophthora infestans 150, Boole Press, Dublin, Ireland, 382 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drenth, A., Janssen, E.M. and Govers, F. (1995) Formation and survival of oospores of Phytophthora infestans under natural conditions. Plant Pathology, 44, 86 – 94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erwin, D.C. and Ribeiro, O.K. (1996) Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide, American Phytopathological Society Press, St Paul, MN, 562 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrandino, F.J. (1996a) Length scale of disease spread: fact or artifact of experimental geometry. Phytopathology, 86, 806 – 811.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrandino, F.J. (1996b) Two-dimensional distance class analysis of disease-incidence data: problems and possible solutions. Phytopathology, 86, 685 – 691.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitt, B.D.L. and McCartney, H.A. (1986) Spore dispersal in relation to epidemic models, in Plant Disease Epidemiology, Vol. 1, (eds K.J. Leonard and W.E. Fry ), MacMillan, New York, pp. 311 – 345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, G.A., Escobar, X.C., Ayala, C.C. et al. (1997) Population genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans in Ecuador. Phytopathology, 87, 375 – 380.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, W.E. (1977) Integrated control of potato late blight – effects of polygenic resistance and techniques of timing fungicide applications. Phytopathology, 67, 415 – 420.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, W.E. (1978) Quantification of general resistance of potato cultivars and fungicide effects for integrated control of late blight. Phytopathology, 68, 1650 – 1655.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, W.E. and Goodwin, S.B. (1997a) Resurgence of the Irish Potato Famine fungus. Bioscience, 47, 363 – 371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, W.E. and Goodwin, S.B. (199713) Re-emergence of potato and tomato late blight in the United States. Plant Disease, 81, 1349 – 1357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fry, W.E., Apple, A.E. and Bruhn, J.A. (1983) Evaluation of potato late blight forecasts modified to incorporate host resistance and fungicide weathering. Phytopathology, 73, 1054 – 1059.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, W.E., Goodwin, S.B., Dyer, A.T. et al. (1993) Historical and recent migrations of Phytophthora infestans: chronology, pathways, and implications. Plant Disease, 77, 653 – 661.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallegly, M.E. and Galindo, J. (1958) Mating types and oospores of Phytophthora infestans in potato fields in the United States and Mexico. Phytopathology, 48, 274 – 277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glendinning, D., Macdonald, J.A. and Grainger, J. (1963) Factors affecting the germination of sporangia in Phytophthora infestans. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 46, 595 – 603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, S.B., Drenth, A. and Fry, W.E. (1992a) Cloning and genetic analyses of two highly polymorphic, moderately repetitive nuclear DNAs from Phytophthora infestans. Current Genetics, 22, 107 – 115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, S.B., Spielman, L.J., Matuszak, J.M. et al. (1992b) Clonal diversity and genetic differentiation of Phytophthora infestans populations in northern and central Mexico. Phytopathology, 82, 955 – 961.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, S.B., Cohen, B.A., Deahl, K.L. and Fry, W.E. (1994a) Migration from northern Mexico was the probable cause of recent genetic changes in populations of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and Canada. Phytopathology, 84, 553 – 558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, S.B., Cohen, B.A. and Fry, W.E. (1994b) Panglobal distribution of a single clonal lineage of the Irish potato famine fungus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 91, 11591 – 11595.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, S.B., Sujkowski, L.S., Dyer, A.T. et al. (1995a) Direct detection of gene flow and probable sexual reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in northern North America. Phytopathology, 85, 473 – 479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, S.B., Sujkowski, L.S. and Fry, W.E. (1995b) Rapid evolution of pathogenicity within clonal lineages of the potato late blight disease fungus. Phytopathology, 85, 669 – 676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, S.B., Sujkowski, L.S. and Fry, W.E. (1996) Widespread distribution and probable origin of resistance to metalaxyl in clonal genotypes of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and western Canada. Phytopathology, 86, 793 – 800.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, A.L. (1947) The relation of weathering to epiphytotics of late blight on tomatoes. Phytopathology, 37, 533 – 538.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, J.G. (1992) Effects of the aerial environment on late blight of potato foliage – a review. Plant Pathology, 41, 384 – 416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, J.M. (1958) New methods of studying plant disease epidemics. Outlook on Agriculture, 2, 16 – 26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, J.M. and Stedman, O.J. (1960) The epidemiology of Phytophthora infestans. II. The source of inoculum. Annals of Applied Biology, 48, 489 – 517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hohl, H.R. and Iselin, K. (1984) Strains of Phytophthora infestons from Switzerland with A2 mating type behavior. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 83, 529 – 530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyre, R.A. (1954) Progress in forecasting late blight of potato and tomato. Plant Disease Reporter, 38, 245 – 253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyre, R.A. and Horsfall, J.G. (1951) Forecasting potato late blight in Connecticut. Plant Disease Reporter, 35, 423 – 431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, D.S. and Williams, P.H. (eds) (1991) Phytophthora infestans, The cause of late blight of potato, Academic Press, London, 273 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishiguro, K. and Fry, W.E. (1994) Development and sensitivity analysis of a random walk markovian model for air-borne sporangial dispersal of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology, 84, 1070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D.A., Alldredge, J.R. and Vakoch, D.L. (1996) Potato late blight forecasting models for the semi-arid environment of South-Central Washington. Phytopathology, 86, 480 – 484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D.A., Cummings, T.F., Hamm, P.B. et al. (1997) Potato late blight in the Columbia Basin: an economic analysis of the 1995 epidemic. Plant Disease, 81, 103 – 106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, M., Mizubuti, E.S., Goodwin, S.B. and Fry, W.E. (1997) Sensitivity to protectant fungicides and pathogenic fitness of clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States. Phytopathology, 87, 973 – 978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koh, Y.J., Goodwin, S.B., Dyer, A.T. et al. (1994) Migrations and displacements of Phytophthora infestans populations in east Asian countries. Phytopathology, 84, 922 – 927.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, R.A. and Massie, L.B. (1975) Blitecast: a computerized forecast of potato late blight. Plant Disease Reporter, 59, 95 – 98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, D.H. and Currier, A.I. (1997) Differences in tuber rot development for North American clones of Phytophthora infestans. American Potato Journal, 74, 39 – 43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Large, E.C. (1940) The Advance of the Fungi, Dover Publications Inc., New York, 488 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legard, D.E. and Fry, W.E. (1996) Evaluation of field experiments by direct allozyme analysis of late blight lesions caused by Phytophthora infestans. Mycologia, 88, 608 – 612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Legard, D.E., Lee, T.Y. and Fry, W.E. (1995) Pathogenic specialization in Phytophthora infestans: aggressiveness on tomato. Phytopathology, 85, 1362 – 1367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, D., Kashchandra, G.R., Hasegawa, P.M. and Bressan, R.A. (1994) Osmotin over-expression in potato delays development of disease symptoms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 91, 1888 – 1892.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, J.A., Shattock, R.C., Shaw, D.S. and Cooke, L.R. (eds) (1991) Phytophthora, British Mycological Society, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 447 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolmson, J.F. (1969) Races of Phytophthora infestans occurring in Great Britain. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 53, 417 – 423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCartney, H.A. and Fitt, B.D.L. (1985) Construction of dispersal models, in Advances in Plant Pathology, Vol. 3, Mathematical Modelling of Crop Disease, (ed. C.A. Gilligan ), Academic Press, London, pp. 107 – 143.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCartney, H.A. and Fitt, B.D.L. (1987) Spore dispersal gradients and plant disease development, in Populations of Plant Pathogens. Their Dynamics and Genetics, (eds M.S. Wolfe and C.E. Caten ), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 109 – 118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J.S., Johnson, D.A. and Hamm, P.B. (1995) Aggressiveness of Phytophthora infestans isolates in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology, 85, 1127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minogue, K.P. and Fry, W.E. (1981) Effect of temperature, relative humidity and rehydration rate on germination of dried sporangia of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology, 71, 1181 – 1184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minogue, K.P. and Fry, W.E. (1983) Some models for the spread of disease in space: model description. Phytopathology, 73, 1168 – 1173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mizubuti, E.S.G. and Fry, W.E. (1996) Late blight simulation using artificial neural networks. Phytopathology, 86, S85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizubuti, E.S.G. and Fry, W.E. (1998) Temperature effects on developmental stages of isolates of three clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology,88, (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosa, A.A., Kato, M., Sato, N. et al. (1989) Occurrence of the A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans on potato in Japan. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, 615 – 620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosa, A.A., Kobayashi, K., Ogoshi, A. et al. (1991) Formation of oospores by Phytophthora infestans in inoculated potato tissues. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 57, 334 – 338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, P.A. (1922) The bionomics of the conidia of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (Series 2), 16, 442 – 466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niederhauser, J.S. (1991) Phytophthora infestans: The Mexican connection, in Phytophthora, (eds J.A. Lucas, R.C. Shattock, D.S. Shaw and L.R. Cooke,) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 25 – 45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paysour, R.E. and Fry, W.E. (1983) Interplot interference: a model for planning field experiments with aerially disseminated pathogens. Phytopathology, 73, 1014 – 1020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raposo, R., Wilks, D.S. and Fry, W.E. (1993) Evaluation of potato late blight forecasts modified to include weather forecasts: a simulation analysis. Phytopathology, 83, 103 – 108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renshaw, E. (1991) Modelling Biological Population in Space and Time, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 403 pp.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rivera-Pena, A. (1990) Wild tuber bearing species of Solanum and incidence of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary on the western slopes of the volcano Nevado de Toluca. 3. Physiological races of Phytophthora infestans. Potato Research, 33, 349 – 355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rotem, J. and Cohen, Y. (1974) Epidemiological patterns of Phytophthora infestans under semiarid conditions. Phytopathology, 64, 711 – 714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, M.W. (1994) Modeling stochastic process in plant pathology. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 32, 523 – 544.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shtienberg, D., Doster, M.A., Pelletier, J.R. and Fry, W.E. (1989) Use of simulation models to develop a low risk strategy to suppress early and late blight in potato foliage. Phytopathology, 79, 590 – 595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shtienberg, D., Raposo, R., Bergeron, S.N. et al. (1994) Incorporation of cultivar resistance in a reduced-sprays strategy to suppress early and late blights on potato. Plant Disease, 78, 23 – 26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spielman, L.J., Drenth, A., Davidse, L.C. et al. (1991) A second world-wide migration and population displacement of Phytophthora infestans? Plant Pathology, 40, 422 – 430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, N.E. (1933) The dark ages in plant pathology in America: 1830-1870. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 23, 435 – 446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, W.R., Curwen, D., Kelling, K.A. et al. (1994) Wisconsins IPM program for potato: the developmental process. HortTech, 4, 90 – 95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sujkowski, L.S., Goodwin, S.B., Dyer, A.T. and Fry, W.E. (1994) Increased genotypic diversity via migration and possible occurrence of sexual reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in Poland. Phytopathology, 84, 201 – 207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tooley, P.W., Fry, W.E. and Villarreal Gonzalez, M.J. (1985) Isozyme characterization of sexual and asexual Phytophthora infestans populations. Journal of Heredity, 76, 431 – 435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tooley, P.W., Sweigard, J.A. and Fry, W.E. (1986) Fitness and virulence of Phytophthora infestans isolates from sexual and asexual populations. Phytopathology, 76, 1209 – 1212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Umaerus, V., Umaerus, M., Erjefalt, L. and Nilsson, B.A. (1983) Control of Phytophthora by host resistance: problems and progress, in Phytophthora: Its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology, and Pathology, (eds D.C. Erwin, S. Bartnicki-Garcia and P.H. Tsao ), American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, pp. 315 – 326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Plank, J.E. (1968) Disease Resistance in Plants, Academic Press, New York, 206 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Zaag, D.E. (1956) Overwintering en epidemiologie van Phytophthora infestans, tevens enige nieuwe bestrijdingsmogelijkheden. Tijdschrift over Plantenziekten, 62, 89 – 156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Everdingen, E. (1926) Het verband tusschen de weergesteldheid en de aardappel zeikte (Phytophthora infestons). Tijdschrift over Plantenziekten, 32, 129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Oijen, M. (1989) On the use of mathematical models from human epidemiology in breeding for resistance to polycyclic fungal leaf diseases of crops. Pudoc Wageningen, The Netherlands, 26 – 37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Oijen, M. (1992) Selection and use of a mathematical model to evaluate components of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 98, 192 – 202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Oijen, M. (1995) Simulation models of potato late blight, in Potato Ecology and Modeling of Crops Under Conditions Limiting Growth, (eds A.J. Haverkort and D.K.L. Mackerron ), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 237 – 250.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Waggoner, P.E. (1968) Weather and the rise and fall of fungi, in Biometeorology, (ed. W.P. Lowry ), Oregon State University Press, Corvalis, OR, pp. 45 – 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waggoner, P.E. (1986) Progress curves of foliar diseases: their interpretation and use, in Plant Disease Epidemiology, Vol. 2, (eds K.J. Leonard and W.E. Fry ), MacMillan, New York, pp. 3 – 37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallin, J.R. (1962) Summary of recent progress in predicting late blight epidemics in the United States and Canada. American Potato Journal, 39, 306 – 312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, R.C. and Colhoun, J. (1975) Viability of sporangia of Phytophthora infestans in relation to drying. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 64, 73 – 78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wastie, R.L. (1991) Breeding for resistance, in Phytophthora infestans: the cause of late blight of potato. Advances in Plant Pathology, Vol. 7, (eds D.S. Ingram and P.H. Williams ), Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 193 – 224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolpert, D.M. and Miall, R.C. (1990) Detecting chaos with neural networks. Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 242, 82 – 86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodham-Smith, C. (1962) The Great Hunger, Harper & Row, New York, 510 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, G., Shortt, B.J., Lawrence, E.B. et al. (1995) Disease resistance conferred by expression of a gene encoding H2O2-generating glucose oxidase in transgenic potato plants. The Plant Cell, 7, 1357 – 1368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zan, K. (1962) Activity of Phytophthora infestons in soil in relation to tuber infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 45, 205 – 221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. W. E. Fry
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. S. Mizubuti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hillview, Dene Road, Tone Vale, Taunton, Somerset, TA4 1DG, UK

    D. Gareth Jones

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fry, W.E., Mizubuti, E.S. (1998). Potato late blight. In: Jones, D.G. (eds) The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3302-1_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3302-1_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-017-3304-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3302-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation