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The Ecology of River Systems pp 225–288Cite as

The Zambezi River system

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Part of the book series: Monographiae Biologicae ((MOBI,volume 60))

Abstract

The Zambezi River system, lying between 24–38°E, 12–20°S, is the largest of the African systems flowing into the Indian Ocean (Balek 1977) and consists of three sections (Jubb 1967): Upper, from sources to the Victoria Falls (1078 km); Middle, from the falls to the Cahora Bassa Rapids (853 km) and Lower, from Cahora Bassa to the Indian Ocean (593 km) (Fig. 1; Balon & Coche 1974). Its origins are complex and difficult to unravel, but it is likely that the Upper Zambezi was once separate and probably joined the Limpopo after flowing through the Makgadikgadi Pans of northern Botswana (Fig. 2; Axelrod and Raven 1978; Bond 1975; King 1978; Pinhey 1978; Jackson 1986). It was probably captured by back-cutting of the Middle Zambezi, through the Batoka Gorge (Figs 1 & 2), during the mid-Pleistocene (King 1978), after tectonic uplifting. This diverted the flow to the NE, draining the Cubango-Kalahari Basin (Beadle 1982; King 1978). This picture is strongly supported by evidence from pre-impoundment fish distributions within the river (Jubb 1967; Jackson 1986), as well as other faunal elements (e.g. Odonata: Pinhey 1978).

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  1. B. R. Davies
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  1. Freshwater Research Group, Dept of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, Cape Town, South Africa

    Bryan R. Davies

  2. River Murray Research Unit, Dept of Zoology, University of Adelaide, 5000, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Keith F. Walker

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Davies, B.R., Jackson, P.B.N. (1986). The Zambezi River system. In: Davies, B.R., Walker, K.F. (eds) The Ecology of River Systems. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 60. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3290-1_7

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