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Irrigation of Temperate Fruit Trees in Dry and Warm Conditions

  • Chapter
Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates

Abstract

Water consumption is an essential process for plants, arising from their need to lose water to the atmosphere through the stomata. The rate of flow which is dictated by the evaporative demands of the atmosphere may expose plants to dehydration in hot climates on the one hand while granting them some benefits such as mineral transport and evaporative cooling of the leaves, on the other. Water is lost from the leaves to the atmosphere through the stomata, the major function of which is to regulate gas exchange between the leaves and the atmosphere. The exchange of CO2 and H2O enables the maintenance of the three fundamental processes of plant metabolism: photosynthesis, transpiration and respiration. The productivity of agricultural crops greatly depends on these processes which govern vegetative and reproductive growth, whereas crop quality is mainly dependent on the interaction between these processes and the formation of primary (various forms of sugars) and secondary metabolites (terpenes, phenols, alcohols, etc.) products of the photosynthetic process. These products serve for energy utilization and quality — compound formation, respectively. The movement of water through the soil — plant- atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is mainly passive, driven by water potential gradients and regulated by resistances along this continuum (Passioura, 1982, Kramer and Boyer, 1995). The gradient between the water potentials at both ends of the continuum, i.e. the soil and the atmosphere, determine the water status of the plant. Extremely low water potentials at either of these two end segments induce water stress in the plant tissue. Since the atmospheric water potential variations are up to three magnitude higher than those of the soil and in most cases are uncontrollable, the major agricultural means of affecting plant water status is irrigation.

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  1. Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B 12, Rehovot, Israel

    Ben-Ami Bravdo

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  1. Institute of Horticulture, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagen, Israel

    Amnon Erez

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Bravdo, BA. (2000). Irrigation of Temperate Fruit Trees in Dry and Warm Conditions. In: Erez, A. (eds) Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3215-4_3

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