Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates pp 405–427Cite as

Walnuts (juglans regia L.) in Mediterranean Warm Climates

  • Chapter

Abstract

World walnut production is estimated at nearly a million metric tons (MT), most of which is in the Northern Hemisphere. The most important producing countries in 1997 were, in thousands of MT, China (240), the United States (209), Turkey (115), Iran (89), Ukraine (77), Yugoslavia (25), India (26), France (23), Greece (20), Bulgaria (14), Italy (12), Chile, Austria and Germany (13), and Spain, Belarus and Argentina (9). Total production has been estimated in Europe, Asia and North America to reach 324, 501 and 227 thousand metric tons respectively (FAO, 1997). Total World export reached 197.4 thousand MT, 102 from the United States, 54 from China, 15.3 from France, 15 from India, 1.1 from Turkey and 1 from Italy. The E.U. countries import 75% of the U.S. in-shell walnut production. The United States exports walnut to the E.U., Japan and other countries in roughly equal amounts (Hutin, 1996). These data emphasize the importance of the world walnut industry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aleté, N. (1987). El nogal, un cultivo tradicional con futuro. Fruticultura Profesional, 11, 55–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aletd, N. and Ninot, A. (1991). Exploration and evaluation of some Spanish native walnut (J. regia L.) populations from Catalonia and Galicia. Acta Horticulturae, 311, 17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aletâ, N., Vargas, F., Romero, M.and Ninot, J. (1986). Nogal y pecanero: situación, avances e investigaciones en curso en el Centro Agropecuario Mas Bové. I Congreso Espanol de Frutos Secos, Reus, 1, 299–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anadoliev, G.and Anadoliev, Z. (1988). Position and role of nut crops in fruit production (In Russian). Selskostapanska Nauka, 26 (6), 84–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous.- Walnut rootstocks. Univ. California Agr. Ext. Service, Pub. AXT 120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Astorga, E. (1969). El nogal. El campesino, n/Octubre,54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atefi, J. (1990). Evaluation of walnut genotypes in Iran. Acta Horticulturae, 311, 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atefi, J. (1998). Situation of walnut industry in Iran: past and current programmes of the walnut industry. International workshop on walnut production in Jammu and Kashmir. Srinagar, 15–17 June, oral communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balashov, P. K. (1978). Biological characteristics of hybrid walnuts in lower Volga conditions (In Russian). Bulletin’VNII Agrolesmelior. 1 (26), 41–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballouche, A. (1986). Paleoenvironnements de l’homme fossile holocéne au Maroc. Apport de la palynologie. 134 pp, Thesis, Univ. de Bordeaux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barone, E., Bounous, G., Inglese, P., Zappia, R., and Sepe, L. (1990). English walnut cultivars testing in southern Italy. Acta Horticulturae 284, 105–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barone,E, Zappia, R. (1993). Some phenological observations on vegetative bud phases in English walnut cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 311, 172–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauckman, N.M. (1974). Die lange mannlicher blüten (kätchen) auf veredelten. Mitteilungen Rebe und Wein, Obstbau und Friichtewervertung 24 (6), 463–466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beede, R.H. (1985). California history. In Walnut Orchard Management, (ed. Ramos D.E.). Pub. 21410, Univ. of California, 3–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belisario, A. (1992). Problematiche fitopatologiche del noce comune. Informatore Agrario 48 (28), 51–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bessarov, S. F. (1973). The resistance of walnut to salinity. (In Russian). Lesovedenic (2), 25–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berisha, R. (1987). Assessing the best forms of walnut in the district of Topoj`.(in Russian). Buletini y Shkencave Bujq’sore 26 (4), 35–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottema,S. (1980). On the history of the walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in southeastern Europe. Acta Bot. Neerl. 29, 343–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, H. and Olmo, H.P. (1972). Register of new fruit and nut varieties. 2nd. ed., Univ. of Calif. Press, 613–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, L.T., Brown, L.C. and Ramos, D.E. (1977). Walnut rootstocks compared. California Agriculturae 31 (7), 14–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrion, J.S. and Sanchéz Gómez, P. (1992). Palinological data in support of the survival of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in the western Mediterranean area during last glacial times. Journal Biogeography, 19, 623–630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catlin, P.B. (1978). Root-soil interrelationships. Walnut Short Course, Univ of California, Davis, pp 53 57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catlin, P.B. and Ramos, D.E. (1985). Pistillate flower abscission. Walnut Orchard Management. Univ. of California. Div. Agric and Nat. Resources, 87–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catlin, P.B., Ramos, D.E., Sibbett, G.S., Olson, W.H.and Olson, E.A. (1987). Pistillate flower abscission of the Persian walnut. HortScience, 22 (20), 201–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catlin, P.B. and Olsson, E.A. (1986). Response of Eastern black walnut and Californian black walnut seedlings to waterlogging. HortScience, 21, 1379–1380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catlin, P.B., Martin, C.G., and Olsson, E.A. (1977). Differential sensitivity of Juglans hindsii, J.regia Paradox hybrid and Pterocarya stenoptera to waterlogging. Journal Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102 (2), 101–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlot, G. (1987). Variétés de noyer. Que planter actuellement dans le Sud-Est. Infos. CTIFL, (35), 23–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauan, J.S. and Sharma, S.D. (1979). Phenotypic variability in walnut of Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 49 (6), 420–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chernobai, G.M. (1971). The root system of walnuts under unirrigated condition in the Crimean steppe (In Russian). Trudy Gosudarstiennogo Nikitskogo Botanicheskogo Sada 52, 119–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciampolini, M.and Trematerra, P. (1992). Diffusa presenza di mosca delle noci (Rhagoletis completa Cresson) nel nord d’Italia. Informatore Agrario, 48, 52–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dandekar, A.M., McGranahan, G.H., Uratsu, S.C., Leslie, C.,Vail, P.V., Tebbets, J.S., Hoffmann, D., Drive, J., Viss, P. and James, D.J. (1992). Engineering for apple and walnut resistance to codling moth. Proceedings of Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Pest and Diseases.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dosba, F., Lansac, M., Mazy, K. and Rovira, M. (1986). Le virus du Cherry Leaf Roll (CLRV): relations avec le dépérisement du noyer et comportement de differentes especes ou hybrides interspecifiques de Juglans. 1er Colloque Noyer-Noisetier AGRIMED, Roma, 25–27 of June 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duso, C. (1991). Sulla comparasa in Italia de un Tetrifide Neartico del noce: Rhagoletis completa Cresson. Bolletino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, 23, 2, 203–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, E. and Gimenez, R. (1965). Evapotranspiraciónes potenciales y balances de agua en Espana. Mapa Agonómico Nacional Ministerio de Agricultura.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO. (1997). Production Yearbook Vol 51. Rome, Italy. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO. (1995). Assitance for transfer of technology on vegetative propagation of walnuts (Juglans Regia L.). Project TCP/IND14554. 13 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feratoglu, Y. (1991). The characteristics of walnut cultivars obtained though selection. Acta Horticulturae, 311, 34–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, M.W. and Aldrich, T.M. (1985). In Walnut orchard management, Coop. Ext. Serv., University of California, 57–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fregoni, M. and Zioni, E. (1964). Contributo allo studio di due cultivar di noce della Val Borbera (Alessandria). Ann. Fac. Agr. Univ-catol. S. Cuore, Milano, 4, 286–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forde, H.I. (1979). Persian walnuts in the Western United States. In Nut tree culture in Noth America, (ed. Jaynes R.A. ). North Nut Growers. Ass., 84–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frutos, D. (1983a). Siembra directa en campo de semillas de Juglans regia L. tratadas con acido giberélico (GA3) y comportamiento en vivero de sus descendencias. I Congreso Nacional, Soc. Espanola de Ciencias Hortccolas 561–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frutos, D. (1983b). Corto periodo juvenil en plantas de semilla de nogal (Juglans regia L.) Congreso Nacional, Soc. Espanola de Ciencias Hoticolas, 573–578.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frutos, D. (1990). Selection of Spanish walnuts (Juglans regia L.), Acta Horticulturae, 284, 111–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frutos, D. (1995). Walnut propagation research: Hypocotyl grafting in Juglans regia L. Consultation task report in Karaj, Iran. Project FAO IRA 189/029, 27 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frutos, D. (1997). Report about a walnut consultation visit to Jammu and Kashmir State, India. Project FAO: TCP/IND/4554. 28 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frutos, D. (1998). Consulta sobre nogal en Jammu and Kashmir, India. Informe FAO, proyecto TCP/ IND/8821: 14 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frutos, D. and Hita, I. (1993). Nota sobre detección del virus del enrollado de la hoja del cerezo (CLRV) en selecciones espatnolas de Juglans regia L.. Investigación Agraria, Producción y Protección Vegetales, 8 (2), 275–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagnair, J. and Vallier, C. (1968). Variation des taux de potasium dans les feuilles du noyer Juglans regia/ J.nigra cultivés dans les conditions naturels. Compte rendu Academie Agric. Francaise., 54, 81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardan, L., Brault,T., and Germain, E. (1993). Copper resistance of Xanthomonas campestris p.v. juglandis in French walnut orchards and its association with conjugative plasmids. Acta Horticulturae, 311, 259–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Germain, E., Leglise, P. and Bayol, M. (1975). Les porte-greffes du noyer. In Le noyer, INVUFLEC, V, 53–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Germain. E. (1987). Compte rendue de mission au Portugal. AGRIMED.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gil, S.G. and Saavedra, E. (1979). Variabilidad de algoen caracter agronómico del nogal en huertos chilenos. Ciencia e Investigación Agraria 6 (3), 201–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girona, J., Cohen, M., Rodriguez, I. and Mata, M. (1993). Walnut (J. regia) seedling responses to different levels of Cl and Na in irrigation water. Acta Horticulturae 311, 191–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, E.M. (1966). Incompatibility in the walnut. Annual Report East Mailing Research Station, 49,102. Gomes, J. (1988). Comportement de quelques varietés de noyer au Portugal. 2ème Colloque AGRIMED noyer - nisettier. Bordeaux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, R. Jr. and Pratt, R.G. (1970). Root rot of black walnut seedlings caused by Phytophthora citricola. Plant Disease Reports 54, 583–585.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimo, E. (1979). Carpathian (Persian) walnuts. In: Nut tree culture in North America. (ed. Jaynes R.A. ). North Nut Growers Ass., 74–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimberg C.and Svaström, R. (1983). El alba de la civilización. Ediciones Diamond, pp 58 and 76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton,W.D.and Rizzi, A.D. (1966). Blackline in walnut trees. One sheet-answer. Univ. of California, Extension Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, L.C., McGranahan, G.H., Ramos, D.E., Iwakiri, B., and Forde, H.I. (1985). Selection of varieties. In Walnut orchard management, Coop. Ext. Service, University of California, 46–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoy, M.A. and Cave, F.E. (1991). Genetic improvement of a parasitoid: response of Trioxys pallidus to laboratory selection with azin-phosmethyl. Biocontrol Science and Technology I (1), 31–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoy, M.A., Cave, F.E. and Caprio, M.A. (1991). Guthion resistant parasite ready for implementation in walnuts. California Agriculture 4515, 29–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huntley, B.and Birks, H.J.B. (1983). An atlas of past and present pollen maps for Europe: 0–13.000 years ago. 667 pp, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutin, C. (1996). Il mercato europeo delle noci. Frutticoltura, 12, 29–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanivets, V.I. and Tyzh, R.M. (1990). Precocious type of walnut. Sadovostvo y Vinogradarstvo, 12, 30–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, M.G. and Huntley, B. (1991). An 11000-year record of vegetation and environment from Lago di Martino, Latium, Italy. J. Quat. Sci. 6, 209–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lagerstedt, H.B., and Robert, W.W. (1972). Walnut grafting in Oregon. Problems and solutions. In 63th Ann. Rep. North Nut Grwers Ass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lal, H. and Sing, R.D. (1978). Some promising walnut strains in Chacrata Hills of Uttar Pradesh. Progressive Horticulture, 10 (1), 61–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarova, N. (1990). Detecting Cherry Leaf Roll virus in common nut (Juglans regia L.). (In Russian). Rasteniev ‘dni Nauki, 27 (6), 78–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Limongelli, E (1986). Selezione clonale de la noce di Sorrento. I colloque noyer-noisetier, AGRIMED. Rome. Limongelli, F. (1991). A new walnut cultivar: `Malazia’. Acta Horticulturae 311, 46–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lounsberry, B.F., Martin, G.C., Forde, H.I. and Moody, E.H. (1974). Comparative tolerance of walnut species, walnut hybrids and wingnut to the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus. Plant Disease Reporter 58 (7), 630–633.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzo, P. and Tamponi, G. (1973). Prime osservazioni su alcune cultivar di noce introdotte dalla California. Ann. del Ist. Sperim. per la Frutticoltura de Roma, IV, 89–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maringer, J. (1971). Los dioses de la Prehistoria. Ed. Destino, Barcelona. 280 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Matheron, M.E.and Mircetich, S.M. (1985). Relative resistance of different rootstocks of English walnuts to six Phytophthora spp. that causes root and crown rot in orchard trees. Plant Diseases, 69 (12), 1039–1041.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauget, J.C. (1983). Etude de la levée de dormance et du debourrement des bourgeons de noyer (Juglans regia L. cv. Franquette) soumis à des temperatures superieures à 15°C au cours de leur periode de repos apparent. Agronomie, 3 (8), 745–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauget, J.C. and Germain, E. (1988). Analyse de la dormance des bourgeons chez les hybrides de noyer à debourrement trés tardif. 2ème Colloque Noyer-Noisetier. Bordeaux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, K.J. (1960). Studies on Juglans nigra seedlings for rootstock breeding. (In german). Mitt. Klosterneuburg. Ser. B, 10B, 121–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, K.J. (1967). Affinitäts und Verwachsungsprobleme bei der Walnussveredlung. Mitt. Klosterneuburg, 17, 481–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, K.J. (1974). Graft combination in walnut (In German). Baumchulpraxis, 4 (6), 164–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan, G.H., Demetrios, G., Catlin, P.B. and, Polito, V.S. (1994). High pollen loads can cause pistillate flower abscission in walnut. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119, 505–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan, G.H. and Forde, H.I. (1985). Genetic improvement. In Walnut Orchard Management, ( H. Seney ed.) Univ. California. Davis, pp. 8–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan, G.H., Forde, H.I., Snyder, R.G., Sibbett, G.S., Reil, W., Hasey, T. and Ramos, D.E. (1992). `Tulare’ Persian walnut. HortScience, 27 (2), 186–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan, G. and Leslie, Ch. (1990). Walnuts (Juglans). Acta Horticulturae, 290, 907–951. McGranahan, G.H., Ramos, D.E., Forde, H.I. and Snyder, R.G. (1990). `Cisco’ Persian walnut. Hort Science 25 (3), 371–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGranahan, G.H., Tulecke, W., Arulsekar, S. and Hansen, J.J. (1986). Intergeneric hybridization in the Juglandaceae: Pterocarya stenoptera x Juglans regia. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111 (4), 627–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G.C. and Forde, H.I. (1975). Incidence of Blackline in Juglans regia L. propagated on various rootstock species. Jour. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci, 100 (3), 246–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meliksetyan, N.A. (1987). Threshold resistance to dehydration as an index of adaptation of North American nuts in the Tbilisi Botanic Garden. (In Russian) Soobcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzzinskoi SSR. (3), 629–632.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merz, B. (1991). Rhagoletis completa Cresson and Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, zwei wirtschaftlich Bedentende neu for Europa. Mitteilungen der Schwizerischen Entomologischen Gesselshaft. 64, 1–2, 55–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P.W., McSwan, I.C. and Bluhm, W. (1975). Blackline of walnut. Oregon State University Extension Service, F.S. 216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P.W., Rawling, C.O. and Painter. J.H. (1952). Causes of the decline of walnuts in Oregon: Second report. Proc.Ore. State Hort. Soc. 44th Ann. Rep., 183–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P.W., Rawling, C.O. and Painter, J.H. (1953). A survey of the causes of the decline in vigour and death of some walnut trees in Oregon; a four year report of progress. Proc. Oregon State Hort. Soc. 45th Ann. Rep., 4, 202–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minotta, G. (1990). La coltura del noce da frutto de a duplice attitudine produttiva in collina e in montagna. Monti e Boschi, 41, I, 27–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mircetich, S.M. (1979). Blackline research. Diamond and Sunsweet News, Feb.1979. pp.8,9 and 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mircetich, S.M., Moller, W.R. and Ramos, D.E. (1978). Root and crown rot disease of walnut trees. In: Walnut Short Course, University of California, Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mircetich, S.M., Sanborn, R.R. and Ramos, D.E. (1980). Natural spread, graft transmission and possible etiology of walnut Blackline disease. Phytopathology, 70, 962–968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moller, W.J. and Ramos, D.E. (1972). A guide to walnut diseases. Diamond Walnut News, Dec. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nedev, N.V. (1972). The effect of common, black and Manchurian walnut rootstocks on the scion during the juvenile period and start of bearing. I. The growth behaviour of the trees.(In Bulgarian) Grad. i Lozarska Nauka, 9 (8), 15–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nedev, N.V. (1973). The effect of common, black and Manchurian walnut rootstock on the scion during the juvenile period. II. The reproductive behaviour of the trees. (In Bulgarian). Grad.i lozarska Nauka, 10, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nedev, N.V. and Mileva, D. (1973). Studies on some physiological processes in walnut cultivars grafted onto different rootstocks.(In Bulgarian) Grad. i Lozarska Nauka, 10, 15–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemeth, M., Kolber, M. and Szentivanyi, P. (1990). Cherry Leaf Roll virus in Hungarian walnut orchards. Acta Horticulturae, 284, 299.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, F.L. (1979). The Carpathian (Persian) walnuts. In: Handbook of the North American Nut Trees. North Nut growers Ass., (ed. Jaynes R.A. ) 233 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrosyan, A.A. and Antonenko, G.A. (1972). Results of investigating walnut plantation and selections of best forms in the Krasnodar region.(In Russian) Nauchnye Trudy, Svero-Kavkazskii Zonal’nyi Naucho Issledovatel’skii Institut Sadovostvo y Vinogradarstvo, 12, 30–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pons, A. and Quézel, P. (1958). Premières remarques sur l’étude palynologique d’un guano fossile du Hagger. Compte renda. Acad. Sci., Paris, 244, 2290–2292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Por, A. and Por, J. (1990). The effect of the excess of pollen on the fruitset of walnuts in Balatonboglar. Acta Horticulturae, 284, 253–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramos, D., Ryugo, K., Olson, W., Osgood, J.and Sibbet, G. (1985). Pruning and tree thinning. In: Walnut Orchard Management. Coop. Extension Service University of California, ( Ramos, D. ed. ) 96–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radicati, L., Vergano, G.and Martin. Y. (1993). Evaluation of fruit characters in different walnut cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 311, 49–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radix, P.and Seigle-Murandi, F. (1992). Hazards of copper accumulation in soils of walnut orchards. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 2, 10, 565–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzi, A.D. (1977). Walnut Orchard Management Short Course. (ed. Ramos D.E.) University of California, Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizotto, N. (1960). Noce Feltrina: pianta da salvare!. Agric. Venezie, 14, 142–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouskas, D. and Katranis, N. (1988). Prospections realisées dans les populations locales de noyers de Grece Centrale. 2éme Colloque noyer - noisetier. AGRIMED, Bordeaux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rusu, E.,(1976). An ecotype of Juglans regia suitable for growing on river sides. Proceeding 19 Congress, International Society Horticultural Science, 1 (A), 375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez Goni, M.F. (1988). A props de la presence du pollen de Castanea et de Juglans dans les sédiments archéologiques würmiens anciens du Pays Basque espagnol. Int. fr. Pondichery tray.sec.tech. 25, 73–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez, A. (1984). Razas bovinas espaíiolas. Publicacones de Extension Agraria, M. de Agricultura, p 136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sannino, G. and Pilone, N. (1979). Il noche: une culture da salvare. Informatore Agrario, 35 (2), 4189–4193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savino, V., Quacquarelli, A., Gallitelli, D., Piazolla, P. and Martinelli, G.P. (1977). Il virus dell’accortoc- ciamento fogliare del ciliegio dolce. I. Identificazione e caratterizzazione Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 16 (2/3), 96–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scotto, C. (1976). Repercusion de la modernisation de l’explotation de noyer en France sur les problèmes nematologiques de la culture. Rev. Zool. Agric. Pathol. Veg. 73 (3), 103–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scotto, C. (1988). Les problémes nematologiques du noyer et du noissetier. 2ème Colloque noyer-noiseties AGRIMED. Bordeaux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, S.M. (1991). A study on the selection of Darande walnuts. Acta Horticulturae, 311, 57–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serr, E.F. (1960). Walnut orchards on volcanic soils deficient in phosphorus. Cal. Agric. 14 (6), 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serr, E.F. (1969). Persian walnuts in the Western States. In: Handbook of North American Nut Trees. (ed. Jaynes R.A.) p. 257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serr, E.F. and Forde, H.I. (1959). Blackline, a delayed failure at the union of Juglans regia trees propagated on other Juglans species. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 74, 220–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siebert, J. (1993). Economic and policy considerations in marketing walnuts. Acta Horticulturae 311, 249–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.L. and Allinger, H. (1969). Evaluation of Persian walnuts introduced from Russia, Hungary and Korea. North Nut Growers Ass., 60th Ann. Report, 61–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.L., Joley, L.E. and Whitehouse, W.E. (1960). Evaluation of Persian walnut introduction. U.S. Plant Introduction Station, Chico, California. USDA, CR 44–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solignat, G. (1974). Note sur le comportement à l’asphyxie radiculair de porte-greffes du noyer Juglans regia. La Pomologie Francaise, XVI, 4, 75–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamponi, G. (1988). Fruit sensitivity to Xanthomonas juglandis of walnut cultivars. 2nd colloque AGRIMED, Bordeaux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasias, J. (1982). Trabajos sobre nogal, pistacho y pecanero en curso de realización en el Centro Agropecuario Mas Bové. Conferencia I Feria Agricola y Nacional Frutera de San Miguel, Lerida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teviotdale, B.L., Schroth, M.N. and Mulrean, E.N. (1985). Bark, fruit, and foliage diseases. p. 153–157. In: Walnut Orchard Management. (ed. Ramos D.E.) Pub. 21410, University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, G.W. and McComb, A.L. (1962). Growth of plantation black walnut in relation to pH and certain chemical factors of the soil. For. Sci. 8, 322–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Tkhagushev, V.A. and Khlopenkova, Z.F. (1975). The root system of walnut trees growing in the Kubanskaya region of the Krasnodarskii Krai (In Russian) Trudy kubanskaya S. Kh. Instituta. 111 (139), 56–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Brink, L.M. and Janssen, C.R. (1985). The effect of human activities during cultural phases on the development of montane vegetation in the Serra da Estrela, Portugal Rev. Paleobot. Palynol. 44, 193–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vlachopoulos E.G. (1991). Nematode species in nurseries in Greece. Ann. Institut Phytopathol. Benaki, 16, 2, 115–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vishanskaya, Yu., Nedev, N.V. and Petrova,V. (1990). Influence of rootstock on fatty acid composition of walnut oil.(In Bulgarian) Gradinarska i Lozarska Nauka, 17 (3/4), 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welkerling de Tacchini, E.M.L. (1960). A variety of walnut with no shell (In Spanish). Rev. Fac. Cien. Agrar., Mendoza, 8, 27–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, M. (1991). Mothproofing walnut trees of the future. USDA Agric. Res. Wash. 39, 6, 10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zielinski, Q.B. (1952). A three-year comparison of walnut rootstocks. Proc. Ann. Nut Growers Society, Wash. 38, 215–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zielinski, Q.B. (1953). A report on walnut rootstock test at Oregon State College. Proc. Oregon State Hort. Soc. 45th Ann. Rep. 212–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zielinski, Q.B. (1955). New walnut rootstocks best answer to blackline problems. Oregon Agricultural Progress. 2 (1), 5–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zielinski Q.B. (1958). Comparison of the growth status of walnut rootstock varieties in Oregon. Proc. Nut Growers Soc. Oregon and Washington, 12, 214–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary, D. (1970). Centers of diversity and centers of origin. In Genetic Resources in plants (eds. Frankel and Bennett) 33–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary, D., Hopf, M. (1988). Domestication of plants in the Old World. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 249 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario Consejeria de Medio Ambiente, Agricultura y Agua La Alberca, Murcia, Spain

    Diego Frutos Tomás

Authors
  1. Diego Frutos Tomás
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Horticulture, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagen, Israel

    Amnon Erez

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tomás, D.F. (2000). Walnuts (juglans regia L.) in Mediterranean Warm Climates. In: Erez, A. (eds) Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3215-4_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3215-4_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4017-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3215-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation