Abstract
In Reason, Truth, and History,78 Hilary Putnam offers the most extensive discussion of which I am familiar of the “brain in a vat” problem that has attracted epistemologists and even proponents and opponents of artificial intelligence as a model of human thinking. Imagine, the problem begins, that we remove a person’s brain from his skull, attach wires to it that stimulate its neural transmitters, and place it in a vat of liquid. Is it not possible, the question now runs, that the brain could be stimulated in just such a way that it would have the same experiences as a person whose brain is still in his body, and the brain would never know that it is a brain in a vat? Would his “world” be distinguishable from ours, or from the world he once inhabited? The very possibility of an affirmative answer led the science-fiction writer Arnold Zuboff to write “The Story of a Brain.” The premise of the story is quite interesting. It begins as follows.
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References
Hilary Putnam, Reason, Truth, and History ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ), 1981.
Published in D. R. Hofstadter and D. C. Dennett, The Mind’s I: Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul ( New York: Basic Books, 1981 ).
For a lively and perceptive outline of the later history of the concept of soul, cf. William C. Barrett, The Death of the Soul: From Descartes to the Computer ( Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1986 ).
Cf. Peter F. Strawson, Individuals (London, 1959 ).
Manfred S. Frings, Person und Dasein: Zur Frage der Ontologie des Wertseins. Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1969.
Scheler subjected the implications of Einstein’s postulate, in his special theory of relativity, that the speed of light is a universal constant, to an evaluation and response in one of his posthumous late manuscripts on metaphysics. Cf Gesammelte Werke, Band 11, Schriften aus dem Nachlaß, Band 2, pp. 145–56.
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Kelly, E. (1997). The Person. In: Structure and Diversity. Phaenomenologica, vol 141. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3099-0_9
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