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Strong Motion Seismology

  • Chapter
Strong Ground Motion Seismology

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 204))

Abstract

Strong motion seismology has a long history of development, owing mainly to the effort of earthquake engineers with emphasis on data collection and interpretation based primarily on empirical approaches. In the past decade or so, seismologists began to get involved in data collection and analysis, and several attempts have been made to develop quantitative models of the earthquake rupture process with the ultimate goal of predicting strong ground motion for a given potential earthquake fault on the basis of an understanding of basic physical laws governing fault mechanics. The problem is difficult because of the sensitivity of high-frequency waves to the details of fault plane irregularities and heterogeneous earth structure. To overcome this difficulty, several attempts have been made to introduce a hybrid of deterministic and stochastic models, in which the gross features of rupture propagation are specified deterministically but the details of the process are described by a stochastic model specified by a small number of statistical parameters.

In the present paper, we shall review the model parameters relevant to high-frequency generation, namely the amount of slip, rise time, barrier interval, local stress drop and fmax determined for actual earthquakes. It was found that the local stress drop and fmax (the two most important parameters for the evaluation of acceleration) are very stable among the earthquakes studied so far.

For a few earthquakes for which both the local stress drop and the slip velocity have been estimated, it was shown that the slip velocity is too low to be compatible with the local stress drop. The slip velocities estimated for many earthquakes in the past decade using various long-period seismographs may have to be revised upward for use in predicting high-frequency strong motion.

We shall also review recent works on the scaling law of source spectra and discuss the significance of the spectral bump between about 0.2 and about 10 Hz in relation to fmax. We point out that the bump is roughly coincident with the peak of Q−1 for S waves in the lithosphere, and suggest that both may be due to the unique scale-distribution of heterogeneity of the lithosphere.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA

    Keiiti Aki

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  1. Keiiti Aki
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

    Mustafa Özder Erdik

  2. Earth Resources Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

    M. Nafi Toksöz

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© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Aki, K. (1987). Strong Motion Seismology. In: Erdik, M.Ö., Toksöz, M.N. (eds) Strong Ground Motion Seismology. NATO ASI Series, vol 204. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3095-2_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3095-2_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8440-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3095-2

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