Abstract
The locus classicus on the question of rural-urban relations is The German Ideology (Marx and Engels).
The bourgeoisie has subjected the country to the rule of towns. It has created enormous cities, has greatly increased the urban population as compared with the rural, and has thus rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life. Just as it has made the country dependent on the towns, so it has made barbarian and semi-barbarian countries dependent on the civilized ones, nations of peasants on nations of bourgeois, the East on the West (Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party)
The research for this essay was done while the author was on a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship at the Centre for Environmental Studies in London, England. Earlier drafts received very helpful comments from Peter Marris, Edward Soja, Clyde Weaver, and the editors of the present volume.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Althusser, L., For Marx. Pantheon, New York, 1969.
Amin, S., Accumulation on a world scale: a critique of the theory of underdevelopment. 2 vols. Monthly Review Press, New York, 1974.
Arrow, K., Social choice and individual values. 2nd ed. Wiley, New York, 1963.
Asalto al centralismo: la reivindicaci6n de la autonomie en las nacionalidades y regiones del estado Espanol. Avabce/Intervencidn, Madrid, 1976.
Berry, B.J.L., Metropolitan area de f inition; a re-evaluation of concept and statistical practice. Rev. ed. Bureau of the Census Working Paper no. 28, Washington, D.C., 1969.
Berry, B.J.L., ‘The geography of the United States in the year 2000’, in J. Friedmann and W. Alonso (eds.), Regional policy: readings in theory and applications. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1975.
Biderman, J., Enclave development: the case of multinational assembly industries on Mexico’s northern border. Master’s thesis, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley, 1974.
Borts, G.H. and J.L. Stein, Economic growth in a free market. Columbia University Press, New York, 1964.
Carroll, J.D., Jr., ‘Spatial interaction and the urban-metropolitan regional description’. Papers and Proceedings, Regional Science Association, vol. 1, D1–14, 1955.
Colletti, L., ‘Marxism and the dialectic’, New Left Review, no. 93, 3–30, 1975.
Conot, R., American odyssey: a unique history of America told through the life of a great city. William Morrow, New York, 1974.
Chardin, P.T., The phenomenon of man. Harper and Row, New York, 1965.
Dillman, C.D., Maquiladoras in Mexico’s northern border communities and the border industralization program’, Tifdschrift voor Econ. en Soc. Geografie, vol. 67, 138–50, 1976.
Duchacek, I.D., Comparative federalism: the territorial dimension of politics. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1970.
Dulong, R., La question Bretonne. Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, Paris, 1975.
Dulong, R., La question regionale en France. 1 Monographies, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Centre d’Etudes des Mouvement Sociaux, Paris, n.d.
Dunn, E.S., Jr., Economic and social development: a process of social learning. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1971.
Engels, F., Anti-Dühring. Foreign Languages Press, Peking, 1976.
Finley, M.I., Democracy ancient and modern. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N.J., 1973.
Frank, A.G., Capitalism and underdevelopment in Latin America: historical studies of Chile and Brazil. Monthly Review Press, New York, 1967.
Friedmann, J. and J. Miller,’The urban fields’, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, vol. 31, 312–320, 1965.
Friedmann, J. and C. Weaver, Territory and function: the evolution of regional planning doctrine. Edward Arnold, London, 1978.
Gottman, J., Megapolis: the urbanized northeastern seaboard of the United States. Twentieth Century Fund, New York, 1961.
Gaviria, M.,Ecologismo y Ordenaci6n del Territorio en Espana. Cuadernos para el Diagolo, Madrid, 1976.
Granet, M., Chinese civilization. Meridian Books, New York, 1958.
Hechter, M., Internal colonialism: the Celtic fringe in British national development, 1536–1966. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1975.
Heenan, D.A., ‘Global cities of tomorrow’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 5, 79–92, 1977. Holborn, H., The political collapse of Europe. Knopf, New York, 1954.
Holland, S., The socialist challenge. Quartet Books, London, 1975.
Isard, W., Location and space economy: a general theory relating to industrial areas, land use, trade, and urban structure. Wiley, New York, 1956.
Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, The United States response to the new international order: the economic implications for Latin America and the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1977.
Klaassen, L.H., Social amenities in area economic growth: an analysis of methods for defining needs. OECD, Paris, 1968.
Kollek, T. and M. Pearlman, Jerusalem: sacred city of mankind: a history of forty centuries. Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London, 1968.
Lapidus, I.M., Muslim cities in the later middle ages. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1967.
Lenin, V.I., Imperialism: the highest stage of capitalism. Foreign Languages Press, Peking, 1970. Lynch, K., Managing the sense of a region. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1976.
Mao Tse-tung, Four essays on philosophy. Foreign Languages Press, Peking, 1968.
Mariâtegui, J.C., Seven interpretive essays on Peruvian Reality. University of Texas Press, Austin, 1971.
Marx, K., Critique of the Gotha Program. Foreign Languages Press, Peking, 1972.
Marx, K. and F. Engels,Manifesto of the communist party. Foreign Languages Press, Peking, 1975. Marx, K. and F. Engels, The German Ideology. Part One. C.J. Arthur (ed.), International Publishers, New York, 1970.
Mera, K., Income distribution and regional development. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1975. Michalet, CA., Les firmes multinationales et la nouvelle division internationale du travail. International Labour Office, Geneva, 1975.
Morales, A.M., ‘Consideracionesgenerales sobre la planificaciôn urbano-regional en América Latina’, Revista Interamericana de Planificaci6n, vol. 10, 78–91, 1976.
Mumford, L., The city in history: its origins, its transformations, and its prospects. Harcourt, Brace and World, New York, 1961.
Mumford, L., The culture of cities. Harcourt, Brance, New York, 1938.
Oilman, B., Alienation: Marx’s concept of man in capitalist society. University Press, Cambridge, 1971.
Peccei, A., The chasm ahead. Collier-Macmillan, London, 1969.
Porteous, J.D., ‘Home: the territorial core’, The Geographical Review, vol. 66, 383–390, 1976.
Pounds, N.J.G., ‘The urbanization of the classical world’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 59, no. 1, 1969.
Schramm (ed.), Mao Tse-tung unrehearsed: talks and letters, 1956–71. Penguin, London, 1974. Schumpeter, J.A., Capitalism, socialism and democracy. 2nd ed. Harper and Bros., New York, 1947.
Seymour, J.D., China: the politics of revolutionary reintegration. Crowell, New York, 1976.
Soja, E.W., ‘Communication and territorial integration in East Africa: an introduction to transaction flow analysis’,East Lake Geographer, vol. 4, 39–57, 1968a.
Soja, E.W., The geography of modernization in Kenya. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, N.Y., 1968b.
Spodek, H., ‘Urban politics in the local kingdoms of India: a view from the princely capitals of Saurashtra under British rule’,Modern Asian Studies, vol. 7, 253–275, 1973.
Tilly, C., ‘Major forms of collective action in Western Europe, 1500–1975’, Theory and Society, vol. 3, 365–376, 1976.
United Nations, Measures for the economic development of underdeveloped countries. Report by a group of experts. Department of Economic Affairs, New York, 1951.
Weber, M., The city. Free Press, Glencoe, Ill., 1958.
Webber, M.M., ‘The urban place and the nonplace urban realm’, in M.M. Webber et al.,Explorations into urban structure. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1964.
Wilhelm, R. (ed.), The I Ching, or book of changes. 3rd ed. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1968.
Williams, R., Keywords: a vocabulary of culture and society. Fontana, London, 1976.
Wriston, W.B., People, politics and productivity: the world corporation in the 1980s. Citicorp, London, 1976.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Friedmann, J. (1979). On the contradictions between city and countryside. In: Folmer, H., Oosterhaven, J. (eds) Spatial inequalities and regional development. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3046-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3046-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5806-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3046-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive