Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Somatic Embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O. Ktze

  • Chapter
Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 67))

Abstract

Brazilian pine tree (Araucaria angustifolia), the only native conifer of economic importance in Brazil (Figure 1A), representing the most exploited timber source up to the 70’s (Mattos, 1994; Shimizu and Oliveira, 1981). This tree can provide seed, wood, fiber and resin. The seeds are of high nutritious value and are generally consumed by humans and also by the wild fauna on the end of the fall and beginning of the winter season. Young trees are typically used as Christmas trees in the region of natural occurrence, and the wood of adult trees is used for furniture, structural timber, and almost all other kinds of wood applications. The tonality of its wood varies from yellow to brownish with a light and soft brilliant surface (Longhi, 1993). The wood of A. angustifolia contains 58.3% cellulose and 28.5% lignin with long fibres, resulting in the production of high quality paper. The resin serves as a base for the production of varnish, acetone and other chemical products (Carvalho, 1994).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ammirato, P.V. (1983) Embryogenesis, in D.A. Evans, W.R. Sharp, P.V. Ammirato, and Y. Yamada (eds.), Handbook of Plant Cell Culture, Macmilian Publisher Co., New York, pp. 82–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Astarita, L.V. and Guerra, M.P. (1998) Early somatic embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia — induction and maintenance of embryonal-suspensor mass cultures, Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 10, 113118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Attree, S.M, Pomeroy, M.K., and Fowke, L.C. (1994) Production of vigorous desiccation tolerant White spruce (Picea glauca [Moench]Voss.) synthetic seeds in a bioreactor, Plant Cell Reports 13, 601–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attree, S.M. and Fowke, L.C. (1993) Embryogeny of gymnosperms: advances in synthetic seed technology of conifers, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 35, 1–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonga, J.M., Klimaszewska, K., Lelu, M.A., and von Aderkas, P. (1995) Somatic embryogenesis in Larix, in S. Jain, P. Gupta and R. Newton (eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, v. 3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 315–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz, J.T. (1920) Embryo development and polyembryony in relation to the phylogeny of conifers, American Journal of Botany 7, 125–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz, J.T. (1926) Origin of cleavage polyembryony in conifers, Bat. Gaz. 81, 55–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burlingame, L.L. (1914) The morphology of Araucaria brasiliensis, II. The ovulate cone and female gametophyte, Bot. Gaz. 57, 490–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burlingame, L.L. (1915) The morphology of Araucaria brasiliensis, III. Fertilization, the embryo and the seed, Bot. Gaz. 59, 1–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardemil, L. and Reinero, A. (1982) Changes of Araucaria araucana seed reserves during germination and early seedling growth, Canadian Journal of Botany 60, 1629–1638.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrier, D.J., Consentino, G., Neufeld, R., Rho, D., Weber, M., and Archambault, J. (1990) Nutritional and hormonal requirement of Ginkgo biloba embryo-derived callus and suspension cell culture, Plant Cell Rep. 8, 635–638.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho, P.E.R (1994) Espéciesflorestais brasileiras: recomendaçóes silviculturais, potencialidades e use da madeira,EMBRAPA-CNPF, Colombo PR pp. 70–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerana, R., Patti, V., and Lado, P. (1989) Changes in ethanol, lactate and malate contents in Acer pseudoplatanus cells: effects of fusicoccin and 02 availability, Physiologia Plantarum 75, 183–187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chalupa,V. (1985) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured immature and mature embryosof Picea abies (L.) Karst., Comm. Inst. For. Cechosloveniae 14, 57–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dey, P.M. and Dixon, R.A. (1985) Biochemistry of storage carbohydrates in green plants, Orlando: Academic Press, pp. 378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodeman, V.L., Ducreux, G., and Kreis, M. (1997) Zygotic embryogenesis versus somatic embryogenesis, Journal of Experimental Botany 48, 1493–1509.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dogra, P.D. (1978) Morphology, development and nomenclature of conifer embryo, Phytomorphology 28, 307–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, K.J., Reberts, P.A., and Smith, F. (1956) Colorimetric method for determination ‘of sugars and related substances, Analytical Chemistry 28, 350–356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunstan, D.I., Bethune, T.D. and Bock, C.A. (1993) Somatic embryo maturation from long-term suspension cultures of White spruce (Picea glauca), In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 29, 109–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunstan, I., Tautorus, T.E., and Thorpe, T.A. (1995) Somatic embryogenesis in woody plants, in T.A. Thorpe (eds.), In vitro embryogenesis in plants, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, pp. 471–538.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Durzan, D.J. (1988) Process control in somatic polyembryogenesis, in J.E. Hällgren, (ed.), Proceedings of Frans Symposium Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 8, pp 147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durzan, D.J. (1996) Protein ubiquination in diploid parthenogenesis and early embryos of Norway spruce, Mt. Journal Plant Science 157, 17–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durzan, D.J. and Chalupa, V. (1976) Growth and metabolism of cells and tissue of Jack pine (Pinus banksiana), growth of cells in liquid suspension cultures in light and darkness, Canadian Journal of Botany 54, 456–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durzan, D.J. and Gupta, P.K. (1987). Somatic embryogenesis and polyembryogenesis in Douglas–fir cell suspension cultures, Plant Science 52, 229–235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egertsdotter, U. and von Arnold, S. (1998) Development of somatic embryos in Norway spruce, Journal of Experimental Biology 49, 155–162.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fales, F.W., Russell, J.A., and Fain, J.N. (1961) Some applications and limitations of the enzymic, reducing (Somogyi), and anthrone methods for estimating sugars, Clinical Chemistry 7, 289–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gavish, H., Vardi, A. and Fluhr, R. (1991) Extracellular proteins and early embryo development in Citrus nucellar cell cultures, Physiologia Plantarum 82, 606–616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gifford, E.M. and Foster, A.S. (1989) Morphology and evolution of vascular plants, W. H. Freeman Co, New York, pp. 401–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerra, M.P. (1993) Poliembriogênese zigótica e somatica em con(feras: Picea abies e Araucaria angustifolia,Tese para concurso de Professor Titular CCA/UFSC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerra, M.P. and Kemper, E. (1992) Tecnologias Futuras: Aplicaçâo da poliembriogênese somatica para a propagaçâo massa) de plantas elite de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O Ktze., in Anais do Congresso Nacional Sobre Essências, Sao Paulo, pp. 1233–1236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerra, M.P., Torres, A.C., and Teixeira, J.B. (1999) Embriogênese Somatica e Sementes Sintéticas, in A.C. Torres, L.S. Caldas, and J.A. Buso (eds.), Cultura de Tecidos e Transformaçâo Genética de Plantas v. 2, Embrapa, Brasilia, pp. 533–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, P.K. and Durzan, D.J. (1987) Biotechnology of somatic polyembryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in loblolly pine, Bio/Technology 5, 147–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, P.K., Pullman, G., Timmis, R., Kreitinger, M., Carlson, W.C., Grob, J., and Welty, E. (1993) Forestry in the 21st Century, Bio/technology 11, 454–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haines, R.J., Prakash, N., and Nikles, D.G. (1984) Pollination in Araucaria fuss, Australian Journal of Botany 32, 583–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haines, R.J., and Prakasha, N. (1980) Proembryo development and suspensor elongation in Araucaria fuss, Australian Journal of Botany 28, 511–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakman, I., Fowke, L., von Arnold, S., and Eriksson, T. (1985) The development of somatic embryos in tissue cultures initiated from immature embryos of Picea abies (Norway spruce), Plant Science 38, 53–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handro, W. (1986) Araucaria (Araucaria spp.), in Y.P.S. Bajaj (ed.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestryl, Tree I, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 310–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harry, I.S. and Thorpe, T.A. (1991) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from mature zygotic embryos of red spruce, Bot. Gaz. 152, 446–452.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hogberg, K.A., Ekberg, I., Norell, L., and von Arnold, S. (1998) Integration of somatic embryogenesis in a tree breeding programe: a case study with Picea abies, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28 (10), 1536–1545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isabel, N. and Tremblay, F.M. (1995) Somatic embryogenes in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg), in S. Jain, P. Gupta and R. Newton (eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, v. 3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 111–123.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, S.M., Dong, N. and Newton, R.J. (1989) Somatic embryogenesis in slash pine (Pinus elliottii) from immature embryos cultured in vitro, Plant Science 65, 233–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jalonen, P. and von Arnold, S. (1991) Characterization of embryogenic cell lines of Picea abies in relation to their competence for maturation, Plant Cell Report 10, 384–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansen, D.A. (1940) Plant technique, McGraw Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, D. and Bhatnagar, S.P. (1983) Studies in the family Araucariaceae, Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 58, 369–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, R.M. (1960) 0 aspecto dinâmico do pinheiro brasileiro, Sellowia 12, 17–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korlach, J. and Zoglauer, K. (1995) Developmental patterns during direct somatic embryogenesis in protoplasts culture of european larch (Larix decidua Mill.), Plant Cell Reports 15, 242–247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lelu, M.A., Bastien, C., Drugeault, A., Gouez, M.L., and Klimaszewska, K. (1999) Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet development in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pinaster on medium with and without growth regulators, Physiologia Plantarum 105, 719–728.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X.Y., Huang, F.H. and Gbur, E.E. (1998) Effect of basal medium, gorwth regulators and phytagel concentration on initiation of embryogenic cultures from immature zygotic embryos of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), Plant Cell Reports 17, 298–301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lima, A.R. and Capobianco, J.P.R. (1997) Mata Aticintica: avanços legais e institucionais para sua conservaçâo, Instituto Socioambiental, Brasilia, pp. 118 (Documentos do ISA n° 004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Longhi, S.J. (1993) Floresta Ombrófila Mista, Trabalho Acadêmico de Doutorado. Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciências Agrârias, Curso de Pós-graduaçâo em Engenharia Florestal, Curitiba, pp. 61. Lorenzi, H. (1992) Arvores brasileiras: manual de identificaçâo e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil, Editora Plantarum, Sao Paulo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lulsdorf, M.M., Tautorus, T.E., Kikcio, S.I., and Dunstan, D.I. (1992) Growth parameters of embryogenic suspension culture of Interior spruce (Picea glauca — engelmanni complex) and black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.), Plant Science 82, 227–234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lütge, U. and Higinbotham, M. (1979) Transport in plants, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 124–168.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Macs, O., Coutos-Thévenot, P., Jouenne, T., Boulay, M., and Guem, J. (1997) Influence of extracellular proteins, proteases and protease inhibitors on grapevine somatic embryogenesis, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 50, 97–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mattos, J.R. (1994) 0 Pinheiro Brasileiro, Artes graficas princesa Ltda, Lages, pp. 225.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, K.A. and Jackman, A.P. (1989) Bioreactor studies of growth and nutrient utilization in alfalfa suspension cultures, Plant Cell Rep 8, 455–458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minocha, S.C. and Minocha, R. (1999) Genetic Transformation in Conifers, in S. Jain, P. Gupta and R. Newton, R. (eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, v. 5, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 291–312.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mo, L.H. and von Arnold, S. (1991) Origin and development of embryogenic cultures from seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies), Journal Plant Physiology 138, 223–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagmani, R. and Bonga, J. M. (1985) Embryogenesis in subcultured callus of Larix decidua, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, 1088–1091.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogita, S., Ishikawa, H., and Kubo, T. (1999) Somatic embryogensis from immature and mature zygotic embryos of Cryptomeria japonica I: Embryogenic cell induction and its morphological characteristics, J. Wood Sci 45, 87–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ondro, W.J., Couto, L., and Betters, D.R. (1995) The status and prative of forestry in Brazil in the early 1990s, The Forestry Chronicle 71, 106–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pâques, M., Bercetche, J. and Palada, M. (1995) Prospects and Limits of Somatic Embriogenesis of Picea abies, in: S. Jain, P. Gupta, and R. Newton (eds), Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, v. 1, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 399–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, Y.S., Barret, D.J., and Bonga, J.M. (1998) Application of somatic embryogenesis in high-value clonal forestry: deployment, genetic control, and stability of cryopreserved clones, In Vitro Cellular and Development Biology-Plant 34, 231–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, G., Bringi, V., Prince, C., and Shuler, M. (1991) Quantifying growth and product synthesis: Kinetics and stoichiometry, in Plant cell and tissue culture in liquid systems, Hanser Publishers, Munich, pp. 346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preil, W. (1991) Application of bioreactors in plant propagation, in P.C. Deberg, R.H. Zimmerman (eds.), Micropropagation. Technology and Application, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, J.A. (1998) Acquisition of nitrogen by the shoots of land plants: its occurrence and implications for acid-base regulation, New Phytology 109, 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reitz, R., Klein, R.M., and Reis, A. (1978) Projeto madeira de Santa Catarina, HBR, Itajai, pp. 320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzini, C.T. (1976) Ârvores e madeiras titeis do Brasil, EDUSP, SAo Paulo, pp. 294

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, D.R. (1991) Abscisic acid and mannitol promote early development, maturation and storage protein accumulation in somatic embryos of Interior spruce, Physiologia Plantarum 83, 247–254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roca, W.M. and Mroginski, L.A. (1993) Cultivo de Tejidos en la Agricultura: fundamentos y aplicaciones, Cali, CIAT, pp. 174–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roe, J.H. (1934) A colorimetric method for the determination of fructose in blood and urine, Journal Biological Chemistry 107, 15–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakano, K., Kiyota, S., and Yazaki, Y. (1997) Acidification and alkalization of culture medium by Catharanthus roseus cells–Is anoxic production of lactate a cause of cytoplasmic acidification?, Plant Cell Physiology 38, 1053–1059.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salajova, T., Jasik, J., Kormutak, A., Salaj, J., and Hakman, I. (1996) Embryogenic culture initiation and somatic embryo development in hybrid firs (Abies alba x Abies cephalonica, and Abies alba x Abies numidica), Plant Cell Reports 15, 527–530.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schimidt, E.D.L., De-Jong, A.J., and De-Vries, S.C. (1994) Signals molecules involved in plant embryogenesis, Plant Molecular Biology 26, 1305–1313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seitz, R. (1986) Crow development of Araucaria angustifolia in its natural environment during sixty years. Crow and Canopy Structure in Realation to Productivity. in: T. Fujimori and D. Whitehead (eds), Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki, pp. 129–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seward, A.C., and Ford, S.O. (1906) The Araucariaceae, recent and extinct,Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. Shimizu, J.Y. and Oliveira, Y.M.M. (1981) Distribuiçäo, variaçâo e usos dos recursos genéticos da araucaria no sul do Brasil,EMBRAPA-URPFCS, Documentos, 04, Curitiba, pp. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silveira, V. and Guerra, M.P. (1998) Induçäo à Poliembriogênese Somatica em Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O Ktze., Genetics and Molecular Biology 21 (supplement), 226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silveira, V., Santos, A.L.W., Steiner, N., and Guerra, M.P. (1999) Fatores associados à induçâo da poliembriogênse somatica em Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O Ktze, Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 11 (supplement), 66–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singha, S., Oberlly, G.H., and Townsend, E.C. (1987) Changes in nutrient composition and pH of the culture medium during in vitro shoot proliferation of crab apple and pear, Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 11, 209–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tautorus, T.E., Fowke, L.C., and Dunstan, D.I. (1991) Somatic embryogenesis in conifers, Canadian Journal of Botany 69, 1873–1899.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tautorus, T.E., Lulsdorf, M.M., Kikcio, S.I., and Dunstan, D.I. (1994) Nutrient utilization during bioreactor culture, and maturation of somatic embryo cultures of Picea mariana and Picea glauca-engelmanni, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol 30, 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Titel, C., Woehlecke, H., Afifi, I., and Ehwald, R. (1997) Dynamics of limiting cell wall porosity in plant suspension cultures, Planta 203, 320–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Treat, W.J., Engler, C.R., and Soltes, E.J. (1989) Culture of photomixotropic soybean and pine in modified fermentor using a novel impeller, Biotechnol. Bioeng 34, 1191–1202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tremblay, L. and Tremblay, F. (1991) Effects of gelling agents, ammonium nitrate, and light on the development of Picea rubens Sarg. (Red spruce) somatic embryos, Plant Science 77, 233–242.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Engelen, F.A. and De Vries, S.C. (1992) Extracellular proteins in plant embryogenesis, Science 8, 66–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Aderkas, P., Bongo, J.M., and Nagmani, R. (1987) Promotion of embryogenesis in cultured megagamethophytes of Larix decidua, Canadian Journal Forest Research 17, 1293–1296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Amold, S. and Eriksson, T. (1981) In vitro studies of adventitious shoot formation in Pinus contorta, Canadian Journal of Botany 59, 870–874.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Arnold, S., Clapham, D., Egertsdotter, U., and Mo, L.H. (1996) Somatic embryogenesis in conifers–A case study of induction and development of somatic embryos in Picea abies, Plant Growth Regulation 20, 3–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Arnold, S., Egertsdotter, U., Ekberg, I., Gupta, P., Mo, H. and Nörgaard, J. (1995) Somatic Embryogenesis in Norway spruce (Picea abies), in S. Jain, P. Gupta and R. Newton, (eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, v. 3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 17–36.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimento e Genética Vegetal, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil

    Miguel P. Guerra, Vanildo Silveira, André L. W. dos Santos, Leandro V. Astarita & Rubens O. Nodari

Authors
  1. Miguel P. Guerra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vanildo Silveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. André L. W. dos Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Leandro V. Astarita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rubens O. Nodari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

    S. Mohan Jain

  2. Weyerhaeuser Inc., Tacoma, Washington, USA

    Pramod K. Gupta

  3. Department of Biology, East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina, USA

    Ronald J. Newton

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Guerra, M.P., Silveira, V., dos Santos, A.L.W., Astarita, L.V., Nodari, R.O. (2000). Somatic Embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O. Ktze. In: Jain, S.M., Gupta, P.K., Newton, R.J. (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants. Forestry Sciences, vol 67. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3030-3_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3030-3_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5508-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-3030-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation