The COCONUDS Concept: a Low-cost, Distributed Network Approach to Satellite Earth Observation

Abstract

The overall objective of the COCONUDS (Co-ordinated Constellation of User Defined Satellites) initiative is to ascertain the practicality of a radically different, low-cost, distributed network approach to satellite Earth observations. Thinking from a user’s perspective, and bringing together European expertise in low-cost [small, mini and micro] satellite and ground station developments in a co-operative venture, it should be possible to finance and develop a cost-effective, sustainable, and user-friendly constellation of Earth observation satellites, to meet many of the as yet unsatisfied needs of local decision makers for recent local environmental information.

The COCONUDS constellation of up to 9 satellites observes the Earth from LEO with a resolution of 30 metres, four spectral bands, and a swath width of 350km; This ensures global one-day coverage. High spatial and spectral resolution should not be the primary drivers. Using advanced on-board data compression techniques, the EO data can be directly received by commonly available low-cost commercial-off-the-shelf receiving stations. This allows the local decision-maker to collect data independently, without interference by the satellite operator, large central data processing and distribution entities or other administrative bodies.

This paper assesses the user needs and requirements, both in developed and developing countries. The conceptual design of the space and web-based ground segment of the COCONUDS constellation is described, including the direct-reception front-end and key sub-systems.

It concludes that COCONUDS must be realised in one form or another, if the needs of a large group of disenfranchised users are ever going to be met, and if multiple local environmental management processes around the world are to be based on proper information.