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The STAT Protein Family

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Book cover Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs)

Abstract

STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) proteins are a family of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that are activated by cytokines and growth factors. The activated STATs translocate to the nucleus, bind to specific promoter elements of target genes and regulate their transcription. Seven STAT genes have been identified in the human and the mouse genome. The chromosomal localization and the identification of a STAT gene in organisms such as Drosophila and Dictyostelium discoideum suggest that the family arose from a single primordial gene. The different STAT family members are activated by overlapping but distinct sets of cytokines and growth factors, and they have overlapping but distinct sets of target genes. Duplications of STAT genes during evolution allowed to increase diversity and specificity of intracellular signaling through the JAKSTAT pathway. Differential splicing of mRNA and posttranslational proteolytic processing of STATs generates isoforms of STATs, further increasing the flexibility of the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland

    Markus H. Heim

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  1. Markus H. Heim
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  1. New York University School of Medicine, USA

    Pravin B. Sehgal  & David E. Levy  & 

  2. Osaka University, Japan

    Toshio Hirano

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Heim, M.H. (2003). The STAT Protein Family. In: Sehgal, P.B., Levy, D.E., Hirano, T. (eds) Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3000-6_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3000-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

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