Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

(Poly)phenolic compounds in pollen and spores of Antarctic plants as indicators of solar UV-B

A new proxy for the reconstruction of past solar UV-B?

  • Chapter
Responses of Plants to UV-B Radiation

Part of the book series: Advances in Vegetation Science ((AIVS,volume 18))

Abstract

The morphology, size and characteristics of the pollen of the plant species Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica, Poaceae) and Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis, Caryophyllaceae) are described by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Based on the number of pores the pollen of Colobanthus quitensis is classified as periporate or polypantorate, while that of Deschampsia antarctica is monoporate.

Pollen of Vicia faba plants, exposed to enhanced UV-B (10.6 kJ m−2 day−1 UV-BBE) in a greenhouse, showed an increased content of UV-B absorbing compounds. There was also an increase of UV-B absorbing compounds in response to exposure to UV-A. By sequential chemical extraction three ‘compartments’ of UV-B absorbance of pollen can be distinguished: a cytoplasmic fraction consisting of, e.g., flavonoids (acid-methanol extractable), a wall-bound fraction, consisting of, e.g., ferulic acid (NaOH extractable) and aromatic groups in the bioresistant polymer sporopollenin possibly consisting of, e.g., para-coumaric acid monomers (fraction remaining after acetolysis). The sporopollenin fraction in the pollen of Helleborus foetidus showed considerable UV-B absorbance (280–320 nm). There is evidence that enhanced solar UV-B induces increased UV-B absorbance (of sporopollenin) in pollen and spores of mosses, which may be preserved in the fossil record. As there are no instrumental records of solar UV-B in the Antarctic before 1970 and no instrumental records of stratospheric ozone over the Antarctic before 1957, the use of UV-B absorbing polyphenolics in pollen (and spores) as bio-indicator, or proxy of solar UV-B, may allow reconstruction of pre-ozone hole and subrecent UV-B and stratospheric ozone levels. Pollen and spores from herbarium specimens and from frozen moss banks (about 5000–10 000 years old) in the Antarctic may. therefore, represent a valuable archive of historical UV-B levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Beggs. C.J. & Welimann, E. 1994. Photocontrol of flavonoid biosynthesis. Pp. 733–751. In: Kendrick, R. E. & Kronenberg, G. H. M. (eds), Photomorphogenesis in Plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkner, L. V. & Marshall, L. C. 1965. History of major atmospheric components. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 53: 1215–1226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorck, S. & Lewis Smith, R. I. 1992. Late Pleistocene and Holocene glacial history of James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Boreas, 21: 209–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Björn, L. O., Callaghan, T., Gehrke, C., Gunnarson, T., Holmg-en, B., Johanson, U., Snogerup, S., Sonesson, M., Sterner, O. & Yu, S.-G. 1997. Effects on subarctic vegetation of enhanced UV-B radiation. Pp. 233–246. In: Lumsden, P. J. (ed.), Plants and UV-B, Responses to Environmental Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Björn, L. O. & Murphy, T. M. 1985. Computer calculations of solar ultraviolet radiation at ground level. Physiol. Vég. 23: 555–561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Björn, L. O. 1999. Ultraviolet-B radiation, the ozone layer and ozone depletion. Pp. 21–37. In: Rozema, J. (ed.), Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: the Effects of UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blokker, P., Schouten, S., De Leeuw, J. W., Sinnighe Damsté, J. S. & Van den Ende, H. 1999. Molecular.structure of the resistant biopolymer in zygospore cell walls of Chlanrydonionas mono/co. Planta 207: 539–543.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Budyko, M. I., Ronov, A. B., Yanshin, A. L. 1987. History of the Earth’s Atmosphere. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, M. M. 1984. Partial inhibition of in vitro pollen germination by simulated solar ultraviolet-B radiation. Ecology 65: 792–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, M. M., Björn, L. O.. Bornman, J. F., Flint, S. D., Kulandaivelu, G.. Teramura, A. H. & Tevini, M. 1998. Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial ecosystems. J. Photochem. Photohiol. B. 46: 40–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, M. M., Teramura, A. H., Tevini, M., Bornman, J. F., Bjorn, L. O. & Kulandaivelu, G. 1995. Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial plants. Ambio 24: 166–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, S. K. 1986. Working with a Scanning Electron Microscope. Pp. 113. Lodgemark Press Ltd, Kent.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockell, C. S. 1998. Biological effects of high ultraviolet radiation on early Earth - a theoretical evaluation. J. Theor. Biol. 193: 717–729.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockell, C. S. 1999. Carbon biochemistry and the ultraviolet radiation environments of F, G, and K main sequence stars. Icarus 141: 399–407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cockell, C. S. 2000. The ultraviolet history of the terrestrial planets - implications for biological evolution. Planet. Space Sci. 48: 203–214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Convey, P. & Lewis Smith, R. I. 1993. Investment in sexual

    Google Scholar 

  • reproduction by antarctic mosses. Oikos 68: 293–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Convey, P. 1996. Reproduction of Antarctic flowering plants. Antarct. Sci. 8: 127–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Convey, P. 1997. Environmental change: possible consequences for the life histories of antarctic terrestrial biota. Kor. J. Pol. Res. 8: 127–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crutzen, P. J. 1992. Ultraviolet on the increase. Nature 356: 104–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day, T. A., Ruhland, C. T. Grobe, C. W & Xiong, F. 1999. Growth and reproduction of Antarctic vascular plants in response to warming and UV radiation in the field. Oecologia 119: 24–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day, T. A. 1993. Relating UV-B radiation screening effectiveness of foliage to absorbing-compound concentration and anatomical characteristics in a divers group of plants. Oecologia 95: 542–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, T. A. & Demchik, S. M. 1996. Influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on biomass allocation and pigment concentrations in leaves and reproductive structures of greenhouse-grown Brassica rapa. Vegetatio 127: 109–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demchik, S. M. & Day, T. A. 1996. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on pollen quantity, quality, and seed yield in Brassica rapa (Brassicaceae). Am. J. Bot. 83: 573–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, J. A. 1972. Studies in Colobanthu.s quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica. V. Distribution, ecology and vegetative perfomance on Signy Island. Br. Antarct. Surv. Bull. 28: 11–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabiszewski, J. & Wojtun, B. I997.The occurrence and development of peat mounds on King George Island (Maritime Antarctic). Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 66: 223–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faegri, K. & Iversen, J. 1964. Textbook of Pollen Analysis. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, pp. 295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farman, J. C., Gardiner, B. G.& Shanklin, J. D. 1985. Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal CLO5/NOx. Nature 315: 207–210.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldheim, K. & Conner, J. K. 1996. The effects of increased UV-B radiation on growth, pollination success, and lifetime female fitness in two Brassica species. Oecologia 106: 284–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernando, D. D. & Cass, D. D. 1994. Plasmodial tapetum and pollen wall development in Butomus untbellarus (Butomaceae). Am. J. Bot. 81: 1592–1600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flint, S. D. & Caldwell, M. M. 1983. Influence on floral optical properties on the ultraviolet radiation environment of pollen. Am. J. Bot. 70: 1416–1419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flint, S. D. & Caldwell, M. M. 1984. Partial inhibition of in vitro pollen germination by simulated solar ultraviolet-B radiation. Ecology 65: 792–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fricker, M. D., Chow, C.-M., Errieton, R. J., May, M., Mellor, J., Meyer, A. J.. Tlalka, M., Vaux, D. J., Wood, J. & White, N. S. 1997. Quantitative imaging of intact cells and tissues by multidimentional confocal fluorescence microscopy. Experimental Biology Online ‘2, 19, http://link.springer.de.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Pichel, F. 1998. Solar ultraviolet and the evolutionary history of cyanobacteria. Origins I,ife Evol. Biosphere 28: 321–347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gitz, D. C., Liu, L. & McClure, J. W. 1997. Phenolic metabolisme, growth, and UV-B tolerance in phenylalanine ammonia-lyaseinhibiting red cabbage seedlings. Phytochemistry 49: 377–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, B. M., Wilson, M. I., Huang, X. D., Duxbury, C. L., Gerhardt, K. E. & Gensemer, R. W. 1997. The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on higher plants. Pp. 1–33. In: Wang, W., Gorsuch, J. W. & Hughes, J. S. (eds.), Plants for Environmental Studies. CRC, Boca Raton, FL

    Google Scholar 

  • Häder, D.-P. 1997. The Efects of Oone Dpletion on Auatic Eosystems. Academic Press & R.G. Landes Co., pp. 275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemsley, A. R., Scott, A. C.. Barrie, P. J. & Chaloner, W. G. 1996. Studies of fossil and modern spore wall biomacromolecules using 13C solid state NMR. Ann. Bot. 78: 83–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hemsley, A. R., Vincent, B., Collinson, M. E. & Griffiths, P. C. 1998. Simulated self-assembly of spore exines. Ann. Bot. 82: 105–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, J. R., Bhartia, P. K., Ziemke, J., Ahmad, Z. & Larko, D. 1996. UV-B increases (1979–1992) from decreases in total zone. Geophys. Res. Letters 23: 2117–2121)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, D. J. 1996. The 1996 Antarctic ozone hole. Nature 383: 129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, D. J., Oltmans, S J., Harris, J. M., Johnson, B. J. & Lathrop, J. A. 1997. Ten years of ozone sonde measurements at the South Pole: implications for recovery of springtime antarctic ozone. J. Geophys. Res. 102: 8931–8943.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtom, A. & Greene, S. W. 1967. The growth and reproduction of Antarctic flowering plants. Pp. 323–337. In: Smith, J. E. (ed.), Holtom, A. & Greene, S. W, 777, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huiskes, A. H. L., Lud, D., Moerdijk-Poortvliet, T. C. W. & Rozerna, J. 1999. Impacts of UV-B radiation on antarctic terrestrial vegetation. Pp. 313–337. In: Rozema, J. (ed.), Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; the Effects of UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutzler P., Fischbach, R., Heller, W., Jungblut, T. P., Reuber, S., Schnmitz, R., Veit, M., Weissenbiick, G. & Schnitzler, J.-P. 1998. Tissue localisation of phenolic compounds in plants by confocal laser scanning microscopy. J. Exp. Bot. 49: 953–965.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingolfsson, O., Hjort, C.. Bjorck, S. & Lewis Smith, R. I. 1992. Late Pleistocene and Holocene glacial history of James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Boreas 21: 209–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isarin, R. F. B. & Bohncke, S. J. P. 1999. Mean July temperatures during the Younger Dryas in Northern and Central Europe as inferred from Climate Indicator Plant Species. Quat. Res. 51: 158–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J. F. & Linskens, H. F. 1979. Pollen DNA repair after treatment with the mutagens 4-nitrquinoline-l-oxide, ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet irradiation, and boron dependence of repair. Mol. Gen. Genetics 176: 11–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen, C. R. 1974. Verkenningen in de Palynologie. Oosthoek, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, H. 1971. Reduction of stratospheric ozone by nitrogen oxide catalysts from supersonic transport exhaust. Science 173: 517–522.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jungfermann, C., Ahlers, F., Grote, M., Gubatz, S., Steuernagel, S., Thom, I., Wetzels, G. & Wiermann, R. 1997. Solution of sporopollenin and reaggregation of a sporopollenin-like material: a new approach in the sporopollenin research. J. Plant Physiol. 151: 513–519.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karabourniotis, G., Kolidis, G., Fasseas, C., Liakoura, V. & Drossopoulos, I. 1998. Polyphenol deposition in leaf hairs of Olen europaea (Olaceae) and Quercus ilex (Fagaceae). Am. J. Bot. 85: 1007–1012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasting, J. F., Zahnle, K. J., Pinto, J. P. & Young, A. T. 1989. Sulfur, ultraviolet radiation, and the early evolution of life. Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 19: 95–108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasting, J. F., Eggler, D. H. & Raeburn, S. P. 1993_ mantle redox evolution and the oxidation state of the archacan atmosphere. J. Geol. 101: 245–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilian, M. R., Van der Plicht, J. & Van Gee!, B. 1995, Dating raised bogs: New aspects of AMS C14 wiggle matching, a reservoir effect and climate change. Quat. Sci. Rev. 14: 959–966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krauss, P., Markstädter, C. & Riederer, M. 1997. Attenuation of UV radiation by plant cuticles from woody species. Plant Cell Environ. 20: 1079–1085.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kronenberg, G. H. M. Photomorphogenesis in Plants. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 733–751.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhitzki, K. 1987. Phenylpropanoid metabolism in relation to land plant origin and diversification. J. Plant Physiol. 131: 17–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kok, S. J., Kristenson, E. M., Gooijer, C.. Velthorst, N. H. & Brinkman, U. A. Th. 1997. Wavelength-resolved laser-induced fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis, J. Chiomatogr. A, 771: 331–342.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, L., Gitz, D. C. & McClure, J. W. 1995. Effects of UV-B on flavonoids, ferulic acid, growth and photosynthesis in barley primary leaves. Physiol. Plant. 93: 725–733.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, B.. Lee, D. & Hebant, C. 1980. The origin of land plants: a new look at an old problem. Taxon 29: 183–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madronich, S. 1992. Implications of recent total atmospheric ozone measurements for biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth’s atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19: 37–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madronich, S. 1993. UV radiation in the natural and perturbed atmosphere. Pp. 17–69. In: Tevivi, M. (ed.), UV-B Radiation and Ozone Depletion, Effects on Humans, Animals, Plants, Microorganisms, and Materials. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton. FI,.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madronich, S., McKenzie, R. L., Caldwell, M. M. & Björn, L. O. 1995. Changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth’s surface. Ambio 24: 143–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manetas, Y. 1999. Is enhanced UV-B radiation really damaging for plants? Some case studies with European mediterranean plant species. Pp. 251–291. In: Rozema, J. (ed.). Stratospheric ozone Depletion; the Effects of UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markham, K. R., Franke, A., Given, D. R. & Brownsey, P. 1990. Historical Antarctic ozone level trends from herbarium specimen flavonoids. Bull. Liaison Group Polyphenols 15: 230–235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. T. & Juniper, B. E. 1970. The Cuticles of Plants. Edward Arnold Puhlisherrs I,td, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meijkamp, B., Aerts, R., Van de Staaij, J. W. M., Tosserams, M.. Ernst, W. H. O. & Rozema, J. 1999. Effects of UV-B on secondary metabolites in plants. Pp. 70–99. In: Rozema, J. (ed.), Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: the Effects of UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meijkamp, B. B., Doodeman, G. & Rozema. J. 2001. The reponse of Vicia fang to enhanced UV-B radiation under low and near ambient PAR levels. Plant Ecol. 154: 135–146 (this volume).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meuter-Gerhards, A., Riegert, S. & Wiermann, R. 1999. Studies on sporopollenin biosynthesis in Cucurbita maxima (DUCH.) - II. The involvement of aliphatic metabolism. J. Plant Physiol. 154: 431–436.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molina, M. & Rowland, F. S. 1974. Stratospheric sink for rhlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom catalyzed destruetioin of ozone. Nature 249: 810–812.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, P. D. & Webb, J. A. 1978. An Illustrated Guide to Pollen Analysis. Hodder and Stoughton. London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musil, C. F. 1995. Differential effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on the photochemical and reproductive performances of dicotledonous and monocotyledonous arid-environment ephemer-als. Plant Cell Environ. 18: 844–854.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Musil, C. F. & Wand, S. J. E. 1999. Impacts of UV-B radiation on South African mediterranean ecosystems. Pp. 265–29 I. In: Rozema, J. (ed.). Statospheric Ozone Depletion; the Effects of UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, P. Gleason. J. F., McPeters, R. D. & Stolarski, R. S. 1997. Anomalously low ozone over the arctic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24: 2689–2692.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paxson-Sowders, D. M., Owen, H. A. & Makaroff, C. A. 1997. A comparative ultrastructural analysis of exine pattern development in wild-type Arabidopsis and a mutant defective in pattern formation. Protoplasma 198: 53–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peat, H. J. (1998) The Antarctic Plant Database: a specimen and literature based information system. Taxon 47: 85–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peck, L. S. & Brey T. Bomb signals in old antarctic brachiopods. Nature 380: 207–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierson, B. K., Mitchell, H. K. & Ruffroberts, A. L. 1993. Chloraftexus aur(unuiacus and ultraviolet radiation - implications for archaean shallow-water stromatolites. Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 23: 243–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pyle, J. A. 1997. Global ozone depletion: observations and theory. Pp. 3–11. In: Lumsden, P. J. (ed.), Plants and UV-B, Responses to Environmental Change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. M. & Harris, B. D. 1969. Pollen exine deposition: a clue to its control. Am. J. Bot. 56: 1209–1211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild, L. J. 1999. The influence of UV radiation on protistan evolution. J. Eukaryotic Microbial. 46: 548–555.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozema, J., Van de Staaij, J., Bjorn., L.-O. & Caldwell, M. 1997. UV-B as an environmental factor in plant life: stress and regulation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 12: 22–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozema,.I. G. M., Teramura, A. H. & Caldwell. M. M. 1999. Atmospheric CO2 enrichment and enhanced solar ultraviolet-B radiation: gene to ecosystem responses. Pp. 169–191. In: Luo, Y.. Mooney, H. A. (eds), Carbon Dioxide and Environmental Stress. Academic Press, San Diego.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rozema,,I. G. M., Tosserams, M., Nelissen, H. J. M., Van Heerwaarden, L., Broekman, R. A. & Flierman, N. 1997h. Stratospheric ozone reduction processes: enhanced UV-B radiation affects chemical quality and decomposition of leaves of the dune grassland species Ccrlamagrustis epigeios. Plant Ecol. 128: 284–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozema, J. G. M., Van de Staaij, J. W. M., Björn, L. O. & Caldwell. M. M. 1997a. UV-B as an environmental factor in plant life: stress and regulation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 12: 22–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozema, J. 1999. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: the Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Backhuys Publishers Leiden, pp. 355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozema, J., Broekman, R., Lud, D., Huiskes. A., Moerdijk, T.. De Bakker, N., Meijkamp, B. & Van Beem, A. 2001. Consequences of depletion of stratospheric ozone for terrestrial antarctic ecosystems: the response of Deschampsia avtaarira to enhanced UV-B radiation in a controlled environnent. Plant Ecol. 154: 101–115 (this volume).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schnitzler, J. P., Jungblut, T. P., Heller. W., Hutzler, P., Heinemann, U., Schmelzer, E., Ernst, D.. Langebcrrlels, C. & Sandennann, H. Jr. 1996. Tissue localisation of UV-B screening pigments and chalcone synthase ifiRNA in Scots pine (Pinus s lverb’is L.) needles. New Phytol. 132: 247–258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, G. 1971. The chemistry of sporopollenin. Pp. 305–351. In: Brooks, J., Grant, P. R., Muir, M. D., Van Gijzel, P. & Shaw, G. (eds), Sporopollenin. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shindell, D. T., Rind, D. & Lonergan, P. 1998. Climate change and the middle atmosphere. Part IV: Ozone response to doubled CO2 J. Climate I 1: 895–918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. I. L. 1993. Bryophyte propagule banks: Case study of an Antarctic fellfield soil. Pp. 55–78. In: Miles, J. & Walton, D. W. H. (eds), Primary Succession on Land. Blackwell, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. I. L. 1994. Vascular plants as bioindicators of regional warming in Antarctica. Oecologia 99: 322–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SORG. 1999. Stratospheric ozone 1999. United Kingdom Stratospheric Ozone Review Group. Seventh report. Departement of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephanou, M. & Manetas,Y. 1997. The effects of seasons, exposure, enhanced UV-B and water stress on leaf epicuticular and internal UV-B absorbing capacity of Cistus creticus: a Mediterranean field study. J. Exp. Bot. 48: 1977–1945.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stolarski, R., Bojkov, R., Bishop, L., Zeferos, C., Staehlin, J. & Zawodny, J. 1992. Measured trends in stratospheric ozone. Science 256: 342–349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuiver, M., Braziunas, T. F., Becker, B. & Kromer, B. 1991. Climatic, solar, oceanic and geomagnetic influences on Late Glacial and Holocene atmospheric CL4/Ct2 change. Quat. Res. 35: 1–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teramura, A. H. & Sullivan, J. H. 1994. Effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of terrestrial plants. Photosynt. Res. 39: 463–473.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tevini, M. I993a. Molecular biological effects of utraviolet radiation. Pp. 1–15. In: Tevini, M. (ed.), UV-B Radiation and Ozone Depletion, Effects on Humans, Animals, Plants, Microorganisms, and Materials. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tevini, M. 1993b. Effects of UV-B radiation on terrestrial plants. Pp. 125–153. In: Tevini, M. (ed.), UV-B Radiation and ozone Depletion, Effects on Humans, Animals, Plants, Microorganisms, and Materials. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tevini, M. 1998. Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial ecosystems. J. Photochem. Photobiol. 46: 40–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Towe, K. M. 1996. Environmental oxygen conditions during the origin and early evolution of life. Life sciences: space and Mars recent results 18: 7–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Traverse, A. 1988. Spores and pollen morphology. Pp. 60–116. In: Traverse, A. (ed.), Paleopalynology. Unwin Hyman, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP. 1998. Environmental effects of ozone depletion. Assessment, pp. 192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Bergen, P. F., Collinson, M. E., Briggs, D. E. G., De Leeuw, J. W., Scott, A. C., Evershed, R. P. & Finch, P. 1995. Resistant biomacromolecules in the fossil record. Acta Bot. Neerl. 44: 319–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van de Staaij, J. W. M., Huijsmans, R., Ernst, W. H. O. & Rozema, J. G. M. 1995. The effect of elevated UV-B (280–320 nrn) radiation levels on Silene vulgaris: a comparison between a highland and a lowland population. Environ. Pollut. 90: 357–362.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Geel, B. & Renssen, H. 1998 Abrupt climate change around 2.650 BP in North West Europe, evidence for climatic teleconnections and a tentative explanation. Pp. 21–41. In: Isar, A. S. & Brown, N. (eds), Water, Environment and Society in Times of Climatic Change. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, D. G. & Doake, C. S. M. 1996. Recent atmospheric warming and retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula. Nature 379: 328–331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, F., Bohncke, S. J. P., Dilcher, D. L., Kürschner, W. M., Van Geel, B. & Visscher, H. 1999. Century-scale shifts in Early Holocene atmospheric CO2 concentration. Science 284: 1971–1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, A. R. 1997. Monitoring changes in UV-B radiation. Pp. 13–30. In: Lumsden, P. J. (ed.), Plants and UV-B, Responses to Environmental Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wehling, K., Niester, Ch., Boon, J. J., Willemse, M. T. M. & Wiermann, R. 1989. p-Coumaric acid–a monomer in the sporopollenin skeleton. Planta 179: 376–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, F., Komenda, J., Kopeckÿ, J. & Ncdbal, L. 1997. Strategies of ultraviolet-B protection in microscopic algae. Physiol. Plant. 100: 378–388.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong, F. S., Ruhland, C. T. & Day, T. A. 1999. Photosynthetic temperature response of the Antarctic vascular plants Colobanthus quitensis and Deschanrpsia antarctica. Physiol. Plant. 106: 276–286.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ziska, L. H., Teramura, A. H. & Sullivan, J. H. 1992. Physiological sensitivity of plants along an elevation gradient to UV-B radiation. Am. J. Bot. 79: 863–871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systems Ecology, Free University, The Netherlands

    J. Rozema, A. J. Noordijk, R. A. Broekman, A. van Beem, B. M. Meijkamp, N. V. J. de Bakker, J. W. M. van de Staaij & M. Stroetenga

  2. Department of Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    S. J. P. Bohncke, M. Konert & S. Kars

  3. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK

    H. Peat, R. I. L. Smith & P. Convey

Authors
  1. J. Rozema
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. J. Noordijk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. A. Broekman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. van Beem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. B. M. Meijkamp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. N. V. J. de Bakker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. J. W. M. van de Staaij
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. M. Stroetenga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. S. J. P. Bohncke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. M. Konert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. S. Kars
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. H. Peat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. R. I. L. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. P. Convey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jelte Rozema

  2. Department of Biology, School of Science, University of Patras, Greece

    Yiannis Manetas

  3. Department of Plant Physiology, Lund University, Sweden

    Lars-Olof Björn

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rozema, J. et al. (2001). (Poly)phenolic compounds in pollen and spores of Antarctic plants as indicators of solar UV-B. In: Rozema, J., Manetas, Y., Björn, LO. (eds) Responses of Plants to UV-B Radiation. Advances in Vegetation Science, vol 18. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2892-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2892-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5353-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2892-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation