Skip to main content

Cellular origins of bilateral symmetry in glossiphoniid leech embryos

  • Chapter
Reproductive Strategies and Developmental Patterns in Annelids

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 142))

  • 286 Accesses

Abstract

In the embryos of glossiphoniid leeches, as in other spirally cleaving embryos, there is ambiguity as to how the early cleavages in the embryo relate to the bilateral symmetry of the adult. Traditionally, we have aligned the B–D axis of the 4-cell stage with the anterior—posterior (A–P) axis of the adult. This requires that the first cleavage be skewed with respect to the A–P axis. Here, we re-examine the fates and behaviours of early blastomeres and conclude that a more accurate representation of the embryo is to have the first cleavage plane transverse to the A–P axis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bissen, S. T., D. A. Weisblat, 1989. The durations and compositions of cell cycles in embryos of the leech, Helobdella triserialis. Development 106: 105–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dohle, W., 1999. The ancestral cleavage pattern of clitellates and its phylogenetic deviations. Hydrobiologia 402 ( Dev. Hydrobiol. 142 ): 267–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaksen, D. E., 1997. The identification of a TGFß class member and the regulation of endodermal precursor cell fusion in the leech. PhD thesis, Dept. Mol. Cell. Biol., University of California, Berkeley, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaksen, D. E., N.-J. Liu, D. A. Weisblat, 1999. Inductive regulation of cell fusion in leech. Development 126: 3381–3390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, N.-J., D. E. Isaksen, C. M. Smith, D. A. Weisblat, 1998. Movements and stepwise fusion of endodermal precursor cells in leech. Dev., Genes, Evol. 208: 117–127.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nardelli-Haefliger, D., M. Shankland, 1993. Lox 10, a member of the NK-2 homeobox gene class, is expressed in a segmental pattern in the endoderm and in the cephalic nervous system of the leech Helobdella. Development 118: 877–892.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandig, M., W. Dohle, 1988. The cleavage pattern in the leech Therornyzon tessulatum (Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae). J. Morph. 196: 217–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shankland, M., R. Savage, 1997. Annelids, the segmented worms. In S. F. Gilbert, A. M. Raunio (eds), Embryology: Constructing the Organism. Sinauer, Sunderland (Mass.) 219–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shankland, M., 1999. Anteroposterior pattern formation in the leech embryo. In Moody, S. (ed.), Mechanisms of Cell Lineage and Fate Determination. Academic Press, New York, pp. 207–224.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. M., D. A. Weisblat, 1994. Micromere fate maps in leech embryos: lineage-specific differences in rates of cell proliferation. Development 120: 3427–3438.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stent, G. S., W. B. Kristan, Jr., S. A. Torrence, K. A. French, D. A. Weisblat, 1992. Development of the leech nervous system. Int. J. Neurobiol. 33: 109–193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wedeen, C. J., M. Shankland, 1997. Mesoderm is required for the formation of a segmented endodermal cell layer in the leech Helobdella. Dev. Biol. 191: 202–214.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weisblat, D. A., S. Y. Kim, G. S. Stent, 1984. Embryonic origins of cells in the leech Helobdella triserialis. Dev. Biol. 104: 65–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weisblat, D. A., M. Shankland, 1985. Cell lineage and segmentation in the leech. Phil. Trans. r. Soc. Lond. B 312: 39–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitman, C. O., 1878. The embryology of Clepsine. Q. J. micr. Sci. 18: 215–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitman. C. O., 1887. A contribution to the history of the germ-layers in Clepsine. J. Morph. 1: 105–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weisblat, D.A. (1999). Cellular origins of bilateral symmetry in glossiphoniid leech embryos. In: Dorresteijn, A.W.C., Westheide, W. (eds) Reproductive Strategies and Developmental Patterns in Annelids. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 142. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2887-4_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2887-4_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5340-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2887-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics