Abstract
Hong Kong’s urban areas concentrate mainly in two places: the triangular tip of Kowloon Peninsula, and a thin coastal strip on the northern side of Hong Kong Island (Figure 1).1 According to the 1997 and 1998 annual reports of the World Bank, Hong Kong has entered the rank of the top 15 countries or areas in GNP per capita. However, each Hong Kong resident has only 1.5 square meters of public space for recreation. Singapore has a similar population density and economic performance, but its recreational space is three times larger than that of Hong Kong. Dense Asian cities like Tokyo and Taipei all exceed Hong Kong in this regard. Mainland China’s GNP per capita is only 1/35th of Hong Kong’s, but Guangzhou, the largest city in southern China and only a two-hour train ride from Hong Kong, has 3 square meters of recreational space for each of its residents.2
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Based on Hong Kong Government, Metroplan ( Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer, 1989 ).
The World Bank, World Development Report 1997 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997). Also see “1998 Nian Shije Yinhang Baogao Chulu” (World Bank Report 1998 Released), Wen Wai Bao (Hong Kong), April 20, 1998. The comparison of recreational areas was conducted by the Planning Department, Hong Kong Government, see “Xiuqi Yongdi Miangi, Xiang Gong Baowei” (Hong Kong Is at Bottom of Ranking in Recreational Space), Ming Pao Daily News,November 5, 1997.
Hong Kong Government Information Services, Rural Architecture in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer, 1979); Royal Society of Asian Studies, Hong Kong Goes and Gone ( Hong Kong: Joint Publication Ltd., 1996 ).
Roger Bristow, Land-Use Planning in Hong Kong, History, Policies and Procedures ( Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1991 ), pp. 67–73.
Jun-zhen Zhu, Xianggang Gongyuan (Gardens of Hong Kong) ( Hong Kong: Joint Publication, 1991 ).
Camillo Sitte, The Art of Building Cities ( New York: Van Nostrand, 1945 ).
Kevin Manuel, “Redevelopment and Urban Space and Form: Times Square Precinct and Its Vicinity, Wan Chai District,” unpublished Master’s degree thesis, University of Hong Kong, 1995.
With the exception of the extraordinary activities at the Square around June 4, 1989.
One example was the controversy surrounding the Pillar of Shame (1997), a sculpture by a Danish artist to commemorate the June 4th Tiananmen Square Massacre of 1989. A civic organization applied to exhibit it in a public square permanently, but the duration of exhibition was approved only for two days because of its “political contents “ Finally, the exhibition had to rotate among the students’ unions of five universities. See South China Morning Post, June 3–6, 1997.
Urban Services Department, Hong Kong Government, Urban Council Annual Report 1997 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer, 1998 ); Leng Woo, “Five Pocket Parks: A Historical Journey into the Urban Fabric of Hong Kong,” in Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Asia Pacific Architecture: The Making of Public Spaces (Honolulu: School of Architecture, University of Hawaii, 1997 ).
Charlie Q.L. Xue, “Yingguo Jianzhu Lijie” (British Architecture: An Interpretation), Space (Taipei), No. 6, 1995, pp. 108-121; “Xianggang Jianzhu De Shiwang Yu Xiwan” (Hong Kong Architecture, Disappointment and Hope), The Architect, No. 76 (June 1997), pp. 97-101; Ke Chen and Frank Sun, “Xianggang Gongwu Fazan Gaikuan” (Development of Hong Kong’s Public Housing), The Architect, No. 76, (June 1997).
This is represented by Legislator Frederic Fung, Ming Pao Daily News,December 6, 1996.
Charlie Q.L. Xue and Zhi-yu Xin, “Fangwu Jiage Yu Souru Zhi Bi” (The Ratio of Housing Price and Annual Household Income, A Perspective of International Market), World Architecture (Beijing), No. 2, 1992, pp. 20-23; Charlie Q.L. Xue and Ernie Scoffham, “China’s Housing in Transition: A Case Study of Shanghai,” International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1996, pp. 231–244; Xue, 1997.
Xue, 1997.
Hong Kong Institute of Architects (HKIA), adapted by Wah-sang Wang, “HKIA Alternative Harbor Reclamation Study,” Hong Kong Institute of Architects Journal,No. 8, 1st Quarter, 1997, pp. 80-87.
The Hong Kong government is recognized as wealthy. At the sovereignty-handover of July 1997, the government held a reserve of more than US$50 billion; see South China Morning Post, June 10, 1997 and Ming Pao Daily News, March 7, 1997.
Hong Kong Government, The 1999-2000 Budget — Onward with New Strengths ( Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer, 1999 ).
TVB, Hong Kong: The End of an Era ( Hong Kong: TVB, 1997 ).
Kevin Manuel, “Tigau Chengshi Shenhuo Shuzhi, Jianyi Sheli Tequ Guanchang” (Enhance the Quality of Urban Life, A Proposal for the Square of Special Administrative Region), Tai Gong News Daily, August 14, 1997.
Hong Kong Housing Authority, Public Housing ( Hong Kong: Public Relations Section, HKHA, 1991 ), p. 30.
Bristow, 1991.
Planning Department, Hong Kong Government, “Chapter 4. Recreation and Open Space,” Hong Kong Planning Standard and Guidelines ( Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer, 1992.
Hong Kong Government, “Chapter 123. Subsidiary Legislation,” Building (Planning) Regulations ( Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government Printer, 1991 ).
David Chi-wai Au, “A Review of Urban Green Space (Open Space and Amenity Area) Planning in Hong Kong,” Planning and Development, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1995, pp. 30–35.
The housing price of Hong Kong rose 30% in 1996 and another 30% in the first eight months of 1997; see News on Property,August 1997.
A flat of 750 square foot (with a usable floor area of 420 square foot) was priced at more than US$1 million in 1997. The monthly management fee is US$200, see News on Property, August 1997.
TVB, 1997.
Pu Miao, “Chuantong De Benzhi — Zhongguo Chuantong Jianzhu De Shisan Ge Tedian” (The Essence of Tradition — Thirteen Characteristics of Chinese Traditional Architecture), The Architect,Nos. 36 and 40, 1989 and Journal of Building and Planning, National Taiwan University (Taipei), Vol. 5, No. 1, 1990; Dai-heng Guo, “Zhongguo Chuantong Jianzhu De Wenhua Tezheng” (Cultural Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Architecture), in Tsinghua Daxue Jianzhu Chongshu, Juanzhu Lishi Juan (Architectural Book Series of Qinghua University: Volume of Historical Research) (Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1996); Charlie Q.L. Xue, “Zhongguo Chuantong Jianzhu De Xianzheng Xing” (The Symbolism of Traditional Chinese Architecture), The Architect,No. 38, 1990, pp. 1-13.
Department of City Planning, Tongji University, Zhong Guo Cheng Shi Jian She Shi ( A History of Chinese Cities) (Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1985 ), pp. 7–9.
Meng-cao Gu, “Zhuanbian Zhong De Beijing Gonggong Kongjian He Shiming Shenhuo” (The Changing Public Space and Civic Life in Beijing), Space,No. 44, 4/1993, pp. 41-46.
Yang Qi, ed., Xianggang Gailun Xia, Vol. II (On Hong Kong) (Hong Kong: Joint Publication [H.K.], 1993), pp. 400-429; Wah-nan Chung, Contemporary Hong Kong Architecture ( Hong Kong: Joint Publication [H.K.], 1989 ).
Kui-hong Wong, “Tequ Zhengfu De Xing Tiaozhan” (Challenge to the New SAR Government), Sin Tao Daily, July 5, 1997; Yin-shi Yu, “Sehui Fuli De Duanshi Zhengche” (Shortsighted Policies of Social Welfare), Sin Tao Daily, October 22, 1996.
Hamid Shirvani, The Urban Design Process (New York: Van Nostrand, 1985); Jonathon Barnett, “The Urban Design Profession” in An Introduction to Urban Design ( New York: Harper and Row, 1982 ).
Kevin Manuel, “Jinsai Nen Chanshen Hao Jianzhu Sheji” (Competition Can Produce Good Building Designs), Apple Daily, August 21, 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Xue, C.Q.L., Manuel, K.K.K. (2001). The Quest for Better Public Space: A Critical Review of Urban Hong Kong. In: Miao, P. (eds) Public Places in Asia Pacific Cities. The GeoJournal Library, vol 60. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2815-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2815-7_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5739-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2815-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive