Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vulnerability of planted forests to biotic and abiotic disturbances

  • Chapter
Planted Forests: Contributions to the Quest for Sustainable Societies

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 56))

  • 353 Accesses

Abstract

Losses through reduced growth or mortality attributable to pests, diseases, and abiotic disturbances are generally less in intensively managed, planted forests than in natural forests. Among plantation forests, the most healthy forests are those of exotic species growing a long way from their native range (e.g., Pinus radiata D. Don in New Zealand) and the least healthy ones are those of indigenous species (e.g., Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden in Tasmania). The better health of plantations is a reflection of the generally good growing conditions, the proper matching of site to species that is possible in artificial culture and in the case of exotic species, the freedom from the many pests and diseases present in the native habitat of exotics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bailley, A. 1990. Evolution and current status of wide spacings and heavy thinnings in France, pp. 43–46. In: James, R.N. and Tarlton, G.L. (Eds) New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 151. IUFRO and Ministry of Forestry, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bain, J. 1981. Forest monocultures — how safe are they? An entomologist’s view. N. Z. J. For. 26 (1): 37–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berryman, A.A. 1986. Forest Insects: Principles and Practice of Population Management. Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, J.S. 1954. Forest Plantation Protection Against Diseases and Pests. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Forest Development Paper No. 3. FAO, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, P.C.S. 1989. Wind damage in Kinleith Forest— effects of cyclone Bola, pp. 17–19. In: Somerville, A., Wakelin, S. and Whitehouse, L. (Eds) Workshop on Wind Damage in New Zealand Exotic Forests. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 146. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chou, C.K.S. 1981. Monocultures, species diversification, and disease hazards in forestry. N.Z. J. For. 26 (1): 20–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciesla, W.M. and Donaubauer, E. 1994. Decline and Dieback of Trees and Forests. A Global Overview. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Forestry Paper 120. FAO, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, F.A. 1989. Patologia Florestal — Principas Doenças Florestais no Brasil. Sociedade de Investigaçôes Florestais, Viçosa, Brazil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, I.A.S. and Jones, T. 1977. Monoculture as the origin of major forest pests and diseases, pp. 139–161. In: Chenet, J.M. and Sagar, G.R. (Eds) Origins of Pest, Parasite, Disease and Weed Problems. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, W.D. 1990. Use of wide spacings and heavy thinnings in the southeastern United States of America, pp. 54–57. In: James, R.N. and Tarlton, G.L. (Eds) New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 151. IUFRO and Ministry of Forestry, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartig, R. 1894. Textbook on Diseases of Trees. Macmillan and Co, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillis, W.E. and Brown, A.G. (Eds). 1984. Eucalypts for Wood Production. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, LA. and Sandberg, C.J. 1979. Changes within tree crowns following thinning of young Douglas-fir infected by Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 9: 177–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, I.A., Redfern, D.B. and Kile, G.A. 1991. Armillaria in planted hosts, pp. 122–149. In: Shaw, C.G, and Kile, G.A. (Eds) Armillaria Root Disease. Agriculture Handbook No. 691. USDA Forest Service, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, R.N. 1990. Evolution of silvicultural practice towards wide spacing and heavy thinnings in New Zealand, pp. 13–20. In: James, R.N. and Tarlton, G.L. (Eds) New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 151. IUFRO and Ministry of Forestry, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay, M.K. 1995. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, G. 1990. Evolution and current status of wide spacing and heavy thinning in Great Britain, pp. 21–27. In: James, R.N. and Tarlton, G.L. (Eds) New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 151. IUFRO and Ministry of Forestry, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw, D.J., Gadgil, P.D., Ray, J.W., van der Pas, J.B. and Blair, R.G. 1988. Assessment and Control of Dothistroma needle-blight. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 18. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, H. 1990. Evolution and current status of spacing and thinning in Germany, pp. 2835. In: James, R.N. and Tarlton, G.L. (Eds) New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 151. IUFRO and Ministry of Forestry, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knuttell, H. 1990. Evolution and current status of spacing and thinning in Sweden, pp. 47–53. In: James, R.N. and Tarlton, G.L. (Eds) New approaches to spacing and thinning in plantation forestry. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 151. IUFRO and Ministry of Forestry, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKenzie, M. 1987. Infection changes and volume loss in a 19-year-old Pinus radiata stand affected by Armillaria root-rot. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 17: 100–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manley, B.R. 1985. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCracken, A.R. and Dawson, W.M. 1994. Experience in the use of mixed-clonal stands of Salix as a method of reducing the impact of rust diseases. Norw. J. Agri. Sci., Supplement 18: 101–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, R.R. 1969. Behaviour of Ips populations after summer thinning in a loblolly pine plantation. For. Sci. 15: 390–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuttall, M.J. 1989. Sirex noctilio F., sirex wood wasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), pp. 299–306. In: Cameron, P.J., Hill, R.L., Bain, J. and Thomas, W.P. (Eds) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand, 1874 to 1987. CAB International Institute of Biological Control, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, P.F. 1989. Wind risk - a consultant’s perspective, p. 26. In: Somerville, A., Wakelin, S. and Whitehouse, L. (Eds) Workshop on Wind Damage in New Zealand Exotic Forests. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 146. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powers, H.R. and Kraus, J.F. 1983. Developing fusiform rust-resistant loblolly and slash pines. Plant Dis. 67: 187–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawcliffe, D.J. 1985. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, K.R. 1990. Trends in plantation silviculture in Australia–the immediate past and future, pp. 58–65. In: James, R.N. and Tarlton, G.L. (Eds) New Approaches to Spacing and Thinning in Plantation Forestry. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 151. IUFRO and Ministry of Forestry, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds, N.W. 1962. Variability in crop plants: its use and conservation. Biol. Rev. 37: 422–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R.M. 1989. Canterbury Plains and Lake Taupo forests, pp. 10–12. In: Somerville, A., Wakelin, S. and Whitehouse, L. (Eds) Workshop on Wind Damage in New Zealand Exotic Forests. Forest Research Institute Bulletin 146. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Pas, J.B. 1981. A statistical appraisal of Armillaria root rot in New Zealand plantations of Pinus radiata. N. Z. J. For. Sci. 11: 23–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, I.A. 1970. Changes in virulence and population shifts in plant pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 8: 209–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, D. 1981. An ecological overview of plantation forestry. N. Z. J. For. 26 (1): 14–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, M.S. 1985. The current status and prospects of multiline cultivars and variety mixtures for disease resistance. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 23: 251–273.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Health, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand

    Peter D. Gadgil

  2. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand

    John Bain

Authors
  1. Peter D. Gadgil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John Bain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Resources Department, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA

    James Reid Boyle , Jack K. Winjum , Kathleen Kavanagh  & Edward C. Jensen , ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gadgil, P.D., Bain, J. (1999). Vulnerability of planted forests to biotic and abiotic disturbances. In: Boyle, J.R., Winjum, J.K., Kavanagh, K., Jensen, E.C. (eds) Planted Forests: Contributions to the Quest for Sustainable Societies. Forestry Sciences, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2689-4_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2689-4_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5135-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2689-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation