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Neural Bases of Motor Behaviour pp 205–260Cite as

Sensory and Memory Information in the Control of Dexterous Manipulation

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Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASID,volume 85))

Abstract

Successful manipulation requires that the subject selects the appropriate pattern of motor commands based on the manipulative intent, on various constraints imposed by the task and on the relevant physical properties of the manipulated object(s). For instance, most tasks require that we stabilize the object within our grasp as we move the object or use it as a tool. To prevent slips and accidental loss of the object we apply adequately large forces normal to the grip surfaces (‘grip’ forces) in relation to destabilizing forces tangential to the grip surfaces (‘load’ forces). At the same time, excessive grip forces must be avoided because they cause unnecessary fatigue and may crush fragile objects or injure the hand. Accordingly, the term grasp stability entails a prevention of accidental slips as well as of excessive fingertip forces. Various types of constraints are imposed by the object. For instance, its location in space and its size and shape may influence the selected grasp configuration (for review of grasp classification schemes see [1]), whereas its friction in relation to the skin, weight and mass distribution and possible external forces imposed on the object determines primarily the magnitudes of the forces generated by the muscles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden

    R. S. Johansson

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  1. Istituto di Fisiologia umana, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Francesco Lacquaniti

  2. Istituto Scientifico S. Lucia, via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Lacquaniti

  3. Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l’Education, Université de Genève, Carouge, Switzerland

    Paolo Viviani

  4. Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Fondazione San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

    Paolo Viviani

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Johansson, R.S. (1996). Sensory and Memory Information in the Control of Dexterous Manipulation. In: Lacquaniti, F., Viviani, P. (eds) Neural Bases of Motor Behaviour. NATO ASI Series, vol 85. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2403-6_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2403-6_10

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