Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Somaclonal Variation and Genetic Molecular Markers in Woody Plants

  • Chapter
Molecular Biology of Woody Plants

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 64))

Abstract

The last decade, studies in plant molecular genetics have grown exponentially. Molecular markers (isozymes, RFLPs, and PCR-based markers like RAPDs) are now used to study many of the current limitations of tissue culture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, R.P., T. Demeke & H.A. Abulfatih, 1993. RAPD DNA fingerprints and terpenoids: clues to past migrations in Juniperus in Arabia and east Africa. Theor Appl Genet 87: 22–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antonetti, P.L.E. & J. Pinon, 1993. Somaclonal variation within poplar. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 35: 99–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, C.L. & R.L. Phillips 1988. Genetic and cytogenetic variation in plants regenerated from organogenic and friable, embryogenic tissue cultures of maize. Crop Sci 28: 363–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnholdt-Schmitt, B., 1995. Physiological aspects of genome variability in tissue culture. II. Growth phase-dependent quantitative variability of repetitive BstNI fragments of primary cultures of Daucus carota L.. Theor Appl Genet 91: 816–823.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashwood-Smith, M.J., 1985. Genetic damage is not produced by normal cryopreservation procedures involving either glycerol or Dimethyl sulfoxide: A cautionary note, however, on possible effects of Dimethyl sulfoxide. Cryobiology 22: 427–433.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Hayyim, G. & Y. Goffer, 1989. Plantlet regeneration from NaCl-selected salt-tolerant callus culture of Shamouti orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck ). Plant Cell Rep 7: 680–683.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Besse, I., J.-L. Verdeil, Y. Duval, B. Sotta, R. Maldiney & E. Miginiac, 1992. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) clonal fidelity: endogenous cytokinins and indoleacetic acid in embiyogenic callus cultures. J Exp Bot 43: 983–989.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birch, R.G., 1997. Plant transformation: problems and strategies for practical application. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol (1997) 48: 297–326.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birky, C.W., 1994. Relaxed and stringent genomes: why cytoplasmic genes don’t obey Mendel’s laws. J Heredity 85: 355–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Böhm, A. & E. Zyprian, 1998. RAPD marker in grapevine similar to plant retrotransposons. Plant Cell Rep 17: 415–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bon, M.C. & O. Monteuuis, 1991. Rejuvenation of a 100-year-old Sequoiadendron giganteum through in vitro meristem culture. II. Biochemical arguments. Physiol Plant 81: 116–120.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bougourd, S.M. & R.N. Jones, 1997. B chromosomes: a physiological enigma. New Phytol 137: 43–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouman, H., A.M. Kuijpers & G.J. de Klerk, 1995. Measurment of somaclonal variation in Begonia. Acta Hort 420: 98–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bousquet, J., L. Simon & M. Lalonde, 1990. DNA amplification from vegetative and sexual tissues of trees using polymerase chain reaction. Can J For Res 20: 254–257.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boxus, P. & P. Druart, 1986. Virus-free trees through tissue culture. In: Y.P.S. Bajaj (Ed.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 4–Trees I, pp. 24–30. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandes, A., J.S. Heslop-Harrison, A. Kamm, Kubis, R.L. Doudrick & T. Schmidt, 1997. Comparative analysis of the chromosomal and genomic organization of Ty 1 -copia-like retrotransposons in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Plant Mol Biol 33: 11–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bregitzer, P., S.E. Halbert & P.G. Lemaux, 1998. Somaclonal variation in the progeny of transgenic barley. Theor Appl Genet 96: 421–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brettell, R.I.S. & E.S. Dennis, 1991. Reactivation of a silent Ac following tissue culture is associated with heritable alterations in its methylation pattern. Mol Gen Genet 229: 365–372.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breyne, P., W. Boerjan, T. Gerats, M. Van Montagu & A. Van Gysel, 1997. Applications of AFLP in plant breeding, molecular biology and genetics. Belg J Bot 129: 107–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G.R., V. Amarasinghe, G. Kiss & J.E. Carlson, 1993. Preliminary karyotype and chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA sites in white spruce using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genome 36: 310–316.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P.T.H., 1989. DNA methylation in plants and its role in tissue culture. Genome 31: 717–729.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P.T.H., F.D. Lange, E. Kranz & H. Lörz, 1993. Analysis of single protoplasts and regenerated plants by PCR and RAPD technology. Mol Gen Genet 237: 311–317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caligari, P.D.S. & S. Shohet, 1993. Variability in somatic embryos. In: K. Redenbaugh (Edt), Synseeds, Applications of Synthetic Seeds to Crop Improvement, pp. 163–174. CRC Press, Florida, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, A.D., 1990. Autotetraploid plants from callus cultures of Betula pendula Roth. Tree Physiol 6: 229–234.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cassells, A.C., J.T. Croke & B.M. Doyle, 1997. Evaluation of image analysis, flow cytometry, and RAPD analysis for the assessment of somaclonal variation and induced mutation in tissue culture-derived Pelargonium plants. J Appl Bot 71: 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavallini, A., L. Natali, E. Polizzi & T. Giordani, 1996. Variation of repetitive DNA sequences in progenies of regenerated plants of Pisum sativum. J Heredity 87: 233–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cecchini, E., L. Natali & M. Durante, 1992. DNA variations in regenerated plants of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Theor Appl Genet 84: 874–879.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandelier, A., P. du Jardin & M. Pâques, 1996. Molecular aspects of somatic embryogenesis in conifers. Scripta Bot Belg 13: 83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheliak, W.M. & D.L. Rogers, 1990. Integrating biotechnology into tree improvement programs. Can J For Res 20: 452–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Z. & M.R. Ahuja, 1993. Regeneration and genetic variation in plant tissue cultures. In: M.R. Ahuja & W.J. Libby (Eds.), Clonal Forestry I, Genetics and Biotechnology, pp. 87–100. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cloutier, S. & B.S. Landry, 1994. Molecular markers applied to plant tissue culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 30P: 32–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corley, R.H.V., C.H. Lee, L.H. Law & C.Y. Wong, 1986. Abnormal flower development in oil palm clones. Planter (Kuala Lumpur) 62: 233–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullis, C.A., 1990. Environmentally induced variation in plant DNA and associated phenotypic consequences. In: Y.P.S. Bajaj (Ed.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 11–Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I, pp. 224–235. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cyr, D.R., W.R. Lazaroff, S.M.A. Grimes, G. Quan, T.D. Bethune, D.I. Dunstan & D. Roberts, 1994. Cryopreservation of interior spruce (Picea glauca-engelmanni complex) embryogenic cultures. Plant Cell Rep 13: 574–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Damasco, O.P., G.C. Graham, R.J. Henry, S.W. Adkins, M.K. Smith & I.D. Godwin, 1996. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) detection of dwarf off-types in micropropagated Cavendish (Musa spp. AAA) bananas. Plant Cell Rep 16: 118–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Amato, F., 1985. Cytogenetics of plant cell and tissue cultures and their regenerates. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 3: 73–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Greef, B. & M. Jacobs, 1996. Evidence for TAM3 activity in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 32P: 241–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Klerk, G.J., 1990. How to measure somaclonal variation. Acta Bot Neerl 39: 129–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Verno, L.L., 1995. An evaluation of somaclonal variation during somatic embryogenesis. In: S.M. Jain, P.K. Gupta & R.J. Newton (Eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, Vol. 1, pp. 361–377. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Verno, L.L., P.J. Charest & L. Bonen, 1994. Mitochondria] DNA variation in somatic embryogenic cultures of Larix. Theor Appl Genet 88: 727–732.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Verno, L.L. & A. Mosseler, 1997. Genetic variation in red pine (Pinus resinosa) revealed by RAPD and RAPD-RFLP analysis. Can J For Res 27: 1316–1320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dolezel, J. & F.J. Novak, 1986. Sister chromatid exchanges in garlic (Allium sativum L.) callus cells. Plant Cell Rep 5: 280–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donahue, R.A., T.D. Davis, C.H. Michler, D.E. Riemenschneider, D.R. Carter, P.E. Marquardt, N. Sankhla, B.E. Haissig & J.G. Isebrands, 1994. Growth, photosynthesis, and herbicide tolerance of genetically modified hybrid poplar. Can J For Res 24: 2377–2383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, A., 1991. Screening for fire blight resistance in apple (Malus pumila) using excised leaf assays from in vitro and in vivo grown material. Ann Appl Biol 119: 59–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doudrick, RL., J.S. Heslop-Harrison, C.D. Nelson, T. Schmidt, W.L. Nance & T. Schwarzacher, 1995. Karyotype of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) using patterns of fuorescence in situ hybridization and fluorochrome banding. J Heredity 86: 289–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, R.R., 1997. Tissue culture-induced variation and crop improvement. Adv Agr (1997) 58: 201–240.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunstan, D.I. & T.D. Bethune, 1996. Variability in maturation and germination from white spruce somatic embryos, as affected by age and use of solid or liquid culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 32P: 165–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engels, B. & C. Flores, 1997. Jumping around the topic of mobile genetic elements. Cell 88: 167–169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eastman, P.A.K., F.B. Webster, J.A. Pitel & D.R. Roberts, 1991. Evaluation of somaclonal variation during somatic embryogenesis of interior spruce (Picea engelmannii complex) using culture morphology and isozyme analysis. Plant Cell Rep 10: 425–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erlich, H.A. & N. Arnheim, 1992. Genetic analysis using the polymerase chain reaction. Ann Rev Genet 26: 479–506.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D.A., 1989. Somaclonal variation, genetic basis and breeding applications. TIG 5: 46–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D.A., W.R. Sharp & H.P. Medina-Filho, 1984. Somaclonal and gametoclonal variation. Amer J Bot 71: 759–774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, P.J., T.E. Richardson & RC. Gardner, 1998. Characteristics of single-and multi-copy microsatellites from Pinus radiata. Theor Appl Genet 96: 969–979.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fourré, J.-L., 1995. Embryogenèse somatique et variation somaclonale chez l’épicéa: approches morphogénétique, cytogénétique et moléculaire. PhD thesis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvainla-Neuve, Belgium.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fourré, J.-L., P. Berger, L. Niquet & P. André, 1997. Somatic embryogenesis and somaclonal variation in Norway spruce: morphogenetic, cytogenetic and molecular approaches. Theor Appl Genet 94: 159–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukai, S., M. Goi & M. Tanaka, 1994. The chimeric structure of the apical dome of chrisanthenum (Dendranthema grandiflorum ( Ramat.) Kitam.) is affected by cryopreservation. Scientia Hort 57: 347–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frampton, L.I. & G.S. Foster, 1993. Field testing vegetative propagules. In: M.R. Ahuja & W.J. Libby (Eds.), Clonal Forestry I, Genetics and Biotechnology, pp. 110–134. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin, C.I., R.L. Mott & T.M. Vuke, 1989. Stable long-term callus culture of loblolly pine. Plant Cell Rep 8: 101–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallego, F.J., I. Martinez, C. Celestino & M. Toribio, 1997. Testing somaclonal variation using RAPDs in Quercus suber L. somatic embryos. Int J Plant Sci 158: 563–567.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, A., S.J. Dalton & M.O. Humphreys, 1994. Reproductive disturbances and phosphoglucoisomerase instability in Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) plants regenerated from callus and cell suspension cultures. Heredity 73: 355–362.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garg, L., N.N. Bhandari, V. Rani & S.S. Bhojwani, 1996. Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of triploid plants in endosperm cultures of Acacia nilotica. Plant Cell Rep 15: 855–858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geier, T., A. Beck & W. Preil, 1992. High uniformity of plants regenerated from cytogenetically variable embryogenic suspension cultures of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima). Plant Cell Rep 11: 150–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godwin, I.D., N. Sangduen, R. Kunanuvatchaidach, G. Piperidis & S.W. Adkins, 1997. RAPD polymorphisms among variant and phenotypically normal rice (Oryza sativa var. indica) somaclonal progenies. Plant Cell Rep 16: 320–324.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govindaraju, D.R., D.B. Wagner, G.P. Smith & B.P. Dancik, 1988. Chloroplast DNA variation within individual trees of a Pinus banksiana-Pinus contorta sympatric region. Can J For Res 18: 1347–1350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, M.S., 1995. Juvenility and maturation in conifers: current concepts. Tree Physiol 15: 433–438.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, M.S., C.A. Hopper & K.W. Hutchison, 1989. Maturation in larch.I. Effect of age on shoot growth, foliar characteristics, and DNA methylation. Plant Physiol 90: 406–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggman, H.M., T.S. Aronen & A.M. Stomp, 1996. Early-flowering scots pines through tissue culture for accelerating tree breeding. Theor Appl Genet 93: 840–848.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakman, I., S. von Arnold & A. Bengtsson, 1984. Cytofluorometric measurements of nuclear DNA in adventitious buds and shoots of Picea abies regenerated in vitro. Physiol Plant 60: 321–325.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, H.K., R.M. Skirvin & W.F. Brawn, 1986. Gennplasm release of ‘Lincoln Logan’, a tissue-culture- derived genetic thornless ‘Loganberry’. Fruit Var J 40: 134–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammerschlag, F.A., 1988. Selection of peach cells for insensitivity to culture filtrates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni and regeneration of resistant plants. Theor Appl Genet 76: 865–869.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harada, T., K. Matsukawa, T. Sato, R Ishikawa, M. Niizeki & K. Saito, 1993. DNA-RAPDs detect genetic variation and paternity in Malus. Euphytica 65: 87–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harding, K., 1997. Stability of the ribosomal RNA genes in Solanum tuberosum L. plants recovered from cryopreservation. Cryo-Letters 18: 217–230.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, C., H. Récipon, M.F. Jubier, C. Valon, E. Delcher-Besin, Y. Henry, J. DeBuyser, B. Lejeune & A. Rode, 1994. Mitochondrial DNA variability detected in a single wheat regenerant involves a rare recombination event across a short repeat. Cuff Genet 25: 456–464.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashmi, G., R. Huettel, R. Meyer, L. Krusberg & F. Hammerschlag, 1997. RAPD analysis of somaclonal variants derived from embryo callus cultures of peach. Plant Cell Rep 16: 624–627.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinze, B. & J. Schmidt, 1995. Monitoring genetic fidelity vs somaclonal variation in Norway spruce (Picea abies K.) somatic embryogenesis by RAPD analysis. Euphytica 85: 341–345.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirochika, H., 1993. Activation of tobacco retrotransposons during tissue culture. Embo J 12: 2521–2528.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirochika, H., 1997. Retrotransposons of rice: their regulation and the use for genome analysis. Plant Mol Biol 35: 231–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, L.C., L.Y. Lin, C.M. Chen, L.J. Chen, B.L. Huang & T. Murashige, 1995. Phase reversal in Sequoia sempervirens in relation to mtDNA. Physiol Plant 94: 379–383.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, L.C., S. Lius, B.L. Huang, T. Murashige, E.F.M. Mandi & R. Van Gundy, 1992. Rejuvenation of Sequoia sempervirens by repeated grafting of shoot tips onto juvenile rootstocks in vitro. Plant Physiol 98: 166–173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isabel, N., R. Boivin, C. Levasseur, P.M. Charest, J. Bousquet & F.M. Tremblay, 1996. Occurrence of somaclonal variation among somatic embryo-derived white spruces (Picea glauca). Am J Bot 83: 1121–1130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isabel, N., L. Tremblay, M. Michaud, F.M. Tremblay & J. Bousquet, 1993. RAPDs as an aid to evaluate the genetic integrity of somatic embryogenesis-derived populations of Picea mariana ( Mill.) B.S.P.. Theor Appl Genet 86: 81–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, K., R. Thakur & M. Jain, 1998. Somatic embryogenesis and evaluation of variability in somatic seedlings of Quercus serrata by RAPD markers. In: S.M. Jain, P.K. Gupta and R.J. Newton (Eds.), Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, Vol. 4, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (In Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Israeli, Y., D. BenBassat & O. Reuveni, 1996. Selection of stable banana clones which do not produce dwarf variants during in vitro culture. Sci Hort 67: 197–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, S.M., 1997. Creation of variability by mutation and tissue culture in improving plants. Acta Hort 447: 69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain, S.M., D.S. Brar & B.S. Ahloowalia, 1998. Somaclonal variation and induced mutations in crop improvement. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain, S.M., P.K. Gupta & R.J. Newton, 1995. Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, Vol. 1–3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain, S.M. & K. Ishii, 1998. Recent advances in somatic embryogenesis in forest trees. In: S.H. Mantell, S. Burns, C. Tragardh & A.M. Viana (Eds.), Recent Advances in Biotechnology for Tree Conservation and Management, International Foundation for Science, Stokholm, Sweden (In Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain, S.M. & R.J. Newton, 1989. Evaluation of protoclonal variation versus chemically induced mutagenesis in Brassica napus L.. Curr Sci 58: 176–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, D.J., K.A.D. Mackenzie & S.B. Malhotra, 1987. The induction of hexaploidy in cherry rootstocks using in vitro regeneration techniques. Theor Appl Genet 73: 589–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jayasankar, S. & R.E. Litz, 1998. Characterization of embryogenic mango cultures selected for resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides culture filtrate and phytotoxin. Theor Appl Genet 96: 823–831.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jehan, H., S. Brown, D. Marie, M. Noin, M. Prouteau & D. Chriqui, 1994. Ontogenesis and ploidy level of plantlets regenerated from Populus trichocarpa x deltoides cv Hunnegem root, leaf and stem explants. 1 Plant Physiol 144: 576–585.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, J.S., A. Jensen, D.G. Czeschin, H.J. Price, 1996. Environmentally induced nuclear 2C DNA content instability in Helianthus annuus ( Asteraceae ). Am J Bot 83: 1113–1120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joung, H., S.S. Korban & R.M. Skirvin, 1987. Screening shoot cultures of Malus for cedar-apple rust infection by in vitro inoculation. Plant Dis 71: 1119–1122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaeppler, S.M. & R.L. Phillips, 1993. DNA methylation and tissue culture-induced variation in plants. In vitro Cell Dev Biol 29P: 125–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karp, A., 1989. Can genetic instability be controlled in plant tissue cultures? IAPTC Newsletter 58: 2–11. Karp, A., 1995. Somaclonal variation as a tool for crop improvement. Euphytica 85: 295–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karp, A., P.G. Owen, S.H. Steele, P.J. Bebeli & P.J. Kaltsikes, 1992. Variation in telomeric heterochromatin in somaclones of rye. Genome 35: 590–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawata, M., A. Ohmiya, Y. Shimamoto, K. Oono & F. Takaiwa, 1995. Structural changes in the plastid DNA of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during tissue culture. Theor Appl Genet 90: 364–371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawata, M. & K. Oono, 1998. Protoclonal variation in crop improvement. In: S.M. Jain, D.S. Brar & B.S. Ahloowalia (Eds.), Somaclonal variation and induced mutations in crop improvement, pp 135–148. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Konieczny, A. & F. Ausubel, 1993. A procedure for mapping Arabidopsis mutations using codominant ecotype-specific PCR-based markers. Plant J 4: 403–410.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuksova, V.B., N.M. Piven & Y.Y. Gleba, 1997. Somaclonal variation and in vitro induced mutagenesis in grapevine. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 49: 17–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambé, P., H.S.N. Mutambel, J.G. Fouché, R Deltour, J.M. Foidart & T. Gaspar, 1997. DNA methylation as a key process in regulation of organogenic totipotency and plant neoplastic progression? In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 33P: 155–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, P.J. & W.R. Scowcroft, 1981. Somaclonal variation–a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor Appl Genet 60: 197–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leach, G.N., 1979. Growth in soil of plantlets produced by tissue culture: Loblolly pine. Tappi J 62 (4): 5961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lelu, M.A., 1988. Variations morphologiques et génétiques chez Picea abies obtenues après embryogenèse somatique. Annales de recherches sylvicoles de l’AFOCEL de l’année 1987: 35–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leplé, J.-C., A.C.M. Brasileiro, M.F. Michel, F. Delmotte & L. Jouanin, 1992. Transgenic poplars/ expression of chimeric genes using four different constructs. Plant Cell Rep 11: 137–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, D.T. & J.G. Berbee, 1977. Within-clone variation among black poplar trees derived from callus culture. For Sci 23: 122–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levée, V., M.A. Lelu, L. Jouanin, D. Cornu & G. Pilate, 1997. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of hybrid larch (Larix kaempferi x L. decidua) and transgenic plant regeneration. Plant Ce11 Rep 16: 680–685.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, X.Q., P. Chetrit, C. Mathieu, F. Vedel, R. De Paepe, R. Remy & F. Ambard-Bretteville, 1988. Regeneration of cytoplasmic male sterile protoclones of Nicotiana sylvestris with mitochondrial variations. Curr Genet 13: 261–266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Y.Q., M.B. Bitonti, M. Ciolli & A.M. Innocenti, 1988. Somatic mutagenesis in Pinus laricio. A cytophotometric analysis and histone content in 2C meristematic nuclei. Caryologia 41: 137–142.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, A.D., E.J. Mellerowicz, R.T. Riding & C.H.A. Little, 1996. Changes in nuclear genome size and relative ribosomal RNA gene content in cambial region cells of Abies balsamea shoots during the development of dormancy. Can.1 Bot 74: 290–298.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lubaretz, O., J. Fuchs, A. Meister & I. Schubert, 1996. Karyotyping of three Pinaceae species via fluorescent in situ hybridization and computer-aided chromosome analysis. Theor Appl Genet 92: 411–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandolino, G., S. De Marco, V. Faeti, M. Bagatta, A. Carboni & P. Ranalli 1996. Stability of fingerprints of Solanum tuberosum plants derived from conventional tubers and vitrotubers. Plant Breeding 115: 439–444.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcotrigiano, M. & K. Jagannathan, 1988. Paulownia tomentosa ‘Somaclonal Snowstorm’. HortScience 23: 226–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, M.C., J.M. Boursiquot, S. Grenan & R. Boidron, 1997. Etude ampélométrique de feuilles adultes de somaclones du cv Grenache N (Vitis vinifera L.). Can J Bot 75: 333–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClintock, B., 1984. The significance of responses of the genome to challenge. Science 226: 792–801. McGranahan, G. & C.A. Leslie, 1988. In vitro propagation of mature Persian walnut cultivars. HortScience 23: 220.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeand, S.E., 1985. Expression of mature characteristics by tissue culture plantlets derived from embryos of loblolly pine. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 110: 619–623.

    Google Scholar 

  • McPheeters, K. & R.M. Skirvin, 1989. Somaclonal variation among ex vitro ‘Thomless Evergreen’ trailing blackberries. Euphytica 42: 155–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meins, F. & R. Foster, 1986. A cytokinin mutant derived from cultured tobacco cells. Dev Genet 7: 159–165.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellerowicz, E.J., R.T. Riding & M.S. Greenwood, 1995. Nuclear and cytoplasmic changes associated with maturation in the vascular cambium of Larix laricina. Tree Physiol 15: 443–449.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mellerowicz, E.J., R.T. Riding & C.H.A. Little, 1992. Periodicity of cambial activity in Abies balsamea. II. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the size of the nuclear genome in fusiform cambial cells. Physiol Plant 85: 526–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes, B.M.J., F.J. Mendes, A.T. Neto, C.G.B. Demetrio & O.R. Puske, 1996. Efficacy of banana plantlet production by micropropagation. Pesq Agropec Bras 31: 863–867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merckle, S.A., P.L. Chou & H.E. Sommer, 1988. Stability of highly repeated sequences in the DNA of embryogenic cultures of yellow poplar In: W.M. Cheliak & A.C. Yapa (Eds.), Molecular Genetics of Forest Trees, pp. 85–88. Petawawa National Forestry Institute Information Report PI-X-80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michler, C.H., B.E. Haissig & M.R. Abuja, 1988. Increased herbicide tolerance of in vitro selected hybrid poplar. In: Somatic Cell Genetics of Woody Plants, Proc. IUFRO Working Party 52.04–07, held in Grosshansdorf, Germany, 10–13 Aug. 1987, pp. 183–189. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Misson, J.-P., 1988. Multiplication du Thuja plicata par culture in vitro de tissus juvéniles et âgés. Can J For Res 18: 473–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moir, R.B. & D.P. Fox, 1977. Supernumerary chromosome distribution in provenances of Picea sitchensis. Silv Genet 26: 26–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulcahy, D.L., M. Cresti, S. Sansavini, G.C. Douglas, H.F. Linskens, G. Bergamini Mulcahy, R. Vignani & M. Pancaldi, 1993. The use of random amplified polymorphic DNAs to fingerprint apple genotypes. Scientia Hort 54: 89–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, E., P.T.H. Brown, S. Hartke & H. Lörz, 1990. DNA variation in tissue-culture-derived rice plants. Theor Appl Genet 80: 673–679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, M., A. Fangmeier, M. Tausz, D. Grill & H.J. Jager, 1995. The effects of ozone on the chromosomes of root tip meristems of Norway spruce (Picea ables ( L.) Karst.). Angew Bot 69: 125–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, M., B. Köhler, D. Grill, H. Guttenberger & C. Lütz, 1994. The effects of various soils, different provenances and air pollution on root tip chromosomes in Norway spruce. Trees 9: 73–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murata, M., 1989. Effects of auxin and cytokinin on induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 78: 521–524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagl, W., 1990. Gene amplification and related events. In: Y.P.S. Bajaj (Ed.) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 11–Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I, pp. 153–201.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Nkongolo, K.K., 1996. Chromosome analysis and DNA homology in three Picea species, P. mariana, P. rubens, and P. glauca (Pinaceae). PI Syst Evol 203: 27–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkongolo, K.K. & K. Klimaszewska, 1995. Cytological and molecular relationships between Larix decidua, L. leptolepis and Larix x eurolepis: identification of species-specific chromosomes and synchronization of mitotic cells. Theor Appl Genet 90: 827–834.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noh, E.W. & S.C. Minocha, 1990. Pigment and isozyme variation in aspen shoots regenerated from callus culture. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 23: 39–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norton, M.A. & R.M. Skirvin, 1997. Somaclonal variation among ex vitro “Thornless Evergreen” trailing blackberries: the morphological status of selected clones after seven years of field growth. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 122: 152–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nybom, H., 1990. DNA fingerprints in sports of “Red Delicious” Apples. HortScience 25: 1641–1642.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, LE.W., D.R. Smith, R.C. Gardner & B.G. Murray, 1996. Flow cytometric determination of genome size in Pinus. Plant Sci 115: 91–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ochatt, S.J. & J.B. Power, 1989. Selection for salt and drought tolerance in protoplast-and explant-derived tissue cultures of Colt cherry (Prunus avium x pseudocerasus). Tree Physiol 5: 259–266.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orita, M., Y. Suzuki, T. Sekiya & K. Hayashi, 1989. Rapid and sensitive detection of point mutations and DNA polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction. Genomics 5: 874–879.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostry, M.E. & D.D. Skilling, 1988. Somatic variation in resistance of Populus to Septoria musiva. Plant Dis 72: 724–727.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osuji, J.O., G. Harrison, J. Crouch & J.S. Heslop-Harrison, 1997. Identification of the genomic constitution ofMusa L. lines ( Bananas, Plantains and hybrids) using molecular cytogenetics. Ann Bot 80: 787–793.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozeki, Y., E. Davies & J. Takeda, 1997. Somatic variation during long term subculturing of plant cells caused by insertion of a transposable element in a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL) gene. Mol Gen Genet 254: 407–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, K.R. & G.P. Berlyn, 1982. Genetic instability of multiple buds of Pinus coulteri regenerated from tissue culture. Can J For Res 12: 93–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pattanavibool, R., P. von Aderkas, A. Hanhijärvi, L.K. Simola & J.M. Bonga, 1995. Diploidization in megagametophyte-derived cultures of the gymnosperm Larix decidua. Theor Appl Genet (1995) 90: 671–674.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peschke, V.M. & RL. Phillips, 1991. Activation of the maize transposable element Suppressor-mutator ( Spm) in tissue culture. Theor Appl Genet 81: 90–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piccioni, E., G. Barcaccia, M. Falcinelli & A. Standardi, 1997. Estimating alfalfa somaclonal variation in axillary branching propagation and indirect somatic embryogenesis by RAPD fingerprinting. Int J Plant Sci 158: 556–562.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prado, E.A., P. Faivre-Rampant, C. Schneider & M.A. Darmency, 1996. Detection of a variable number of ribosomal DNA loci by fluorescent in situ hybridization in Populus species. Genome 39: 1020–1026.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajasekaran, K., J.W. Grula & D.M. Anderson, 1996. Selection and characterization of mutant cotton (Gossipium hirsutum) cell lines resistant to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. Plant Science 119: 115–124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rani, V., A. Panda & S.N. Raina, 1995. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for genetic analysis in micropropagated plants of Populus deltoides Marsh. Plant Cell Rep 14: 459–462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rani, V. & S.N. Raina, 1998. Genetic analysis of enhanced-axillary-branching-derived Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith and E. camaldulensis Dehn. plants. Plant Cell Rep 17: 236–242.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renfroe, M.H. & G.P. Berlyn, 1985. Variation in nuclear DNA content in Pinus taeda L. tissue cultures of diploid origin. J Plant Physiol 121: 131–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, S., S. Gauthier & S. Laliberté, 1995. Isozyme assessment of the genetic stability of micropagated hybrid larch (Larix x eurolepis Henry). Can J For Res 25: 1103–1112.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Risseeuw, E., M.E.I. Franke-van Dijk & P.J.J. Hooykaas, 1997. Gene targeting and instability of Agrobacterium T-DNA loci in the plant genome. Plant J 11: 717–728.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rival, A., L. Bertrand, T. Beule, M.C. Combes, P. Trouslot & P. Lashermes, 1998. Suitability of RAPD analysis for the detection of somaclonal variation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). Plant Breeding 117: 73–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rival, A., T. Beule, P. Barre, S. Hamon, Y. Duval & M. Noirot, 1997. Comparative flow cytometric estimation of nuclear DNA content in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) tissue cultures and seed-derived plants. Plant Cell Rep 16: 884–887.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, R., I. Ebert I & J. Schmidt, 1997. Trisomy associated with loss of maturation capacity in a long-term embryogenic culture of Abies alba. Theor Appl Genet 95: 353–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland, L.J., A. Levi & R.H. Zimmerman, 1997. Chromosomal rearrangements not detected in Rhododendrons with tissue proliferation disorder. HortScience 32: 998–1000.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabir, A., H.J. Newbury, G. Todd, J. Catty & B.V. Ford-Lloyd, 1992. Determination of genetic stability using isozymes and RFLPs in beet plants regenerated in vitro. Theor Appl Genet 84: 113–117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saieed, N.T., G.C. Douglas & D.J. Fly, 1994. Induction and stability of somaclonal variation in growth, leaf phenotype and gas exchange characteristics of poplar regenerated from callus culture. Tree Physiol 14: 1–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandoval, J.A., F.X. Côte & J. Escoute, 1996. Chromosome number variations in micropropagated true-to- type and off-type banana plants (Musa AAA grande naine cv). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 32P: 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Särkilahti, E., 1988. Micropropagation of a mature colchicine-polyploid and irradiation-mutant of Betula pendula Roth. Tree Physiol 4: 173–179.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer, W.I., 1990. Terminology associated with cell, tissue and organ culture, molecular biology and molecular genetics. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26: 97–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, M., C. Waltz & C.U. Hesemann, 1996. Somaclonal variation of the mitochondria) ATPase subunit 6 gene region in regenerated triticale shoots and full-grown plants. Theor Appl Genet. 93: 355–360.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, I., 1990. Sister-chromatid exchanges and chromatid aberrations: a comparison. Biol Zent BI 109: 7–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, I., 1995. Sister chromatid exchanges in coniferous forest trees. Silt’ Genet 44: 173–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, I. & R. Rieger, 1994. Sister-chromatid exchanges in Picea abies–a test for genotoxicity in forest trees. Mut Res 323: 137–142.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scortecci, C.K., Y. Dessaux, A. Petit & M.A. Van Sluys, 1997. Somatic excision of the Ac transposable element in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana after 5-Azacytidine treatment. Plant Cell Physiol 38: 336–343.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sibi, M., 1990. Genetic bases of variation from in vitro tissue culture. In: Y.P.S. Bajaj (Ed.) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 11–Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I, pp. 112–133. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Skene, K.G.M. & M. Barlass, 1988. Response to NaC1 of grapevines regenerated from multiple-shoot cultures exhibiting mild salt tolerance in vitro. Amer J Enol Vitic 39: 125–128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skirvin, R.M., K.D. McPheeters & M. Norton, 1994. Sources and frequency of somaclonal variation. HortScience 29: 1232–1237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D.R., 1997. The role of in vitro methods in pine plantation establishment: the lesson from New Zealand. Plant Tiss Cult Biotech 3: 63–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smulders, M.J.M., W. Rus-Kortekaas & B. Vosman, 1995. Tissue culture-induced DNA methylation polymorphisms in repetitive DNA of tomato calli and regenerated plants. Theor Appl Genet 91: 1257–1264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Son, S.H., H.K. Moon & R.B. Hall, 1993. Somaclonal variation in plants regenerated from callus culture of hybrid aspen (Popu/us alba L. x P. grandidentata Michx.). Plant Sci 90: 89–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Squillace, A.E. & J.F. Kraus, 1963. The degree of natural selling in slash pine as estimated from albino frequencies. Silv Genet 12: 46–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stadelmann, F.J., B. Boiler, G. Spangenberg, R. Kölliker, M. Messerli, Z.Y. Wang & J. Nösberger, 1998. Fertility and growth in the field of Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra plants regenerated from suspension cultured cells and protoplasts. Plant Breeding 117: 37–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinkellner, H., S. Fluch, E. Turetschek, C. Lexer, R Streiff, A. Kremer, K. Burg & J. Glössl, 1997. Identification and characterization of (GA/CT)n-microsatellite loci from Quercus petraea. Plant Mol Biol 33: 1093–1096.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, S.H. & G.T. Howe, 1990. Somatic variability for ribosomal RNA gene number in old-growth Sitka spruce. Can J For Res 20: 853–856.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, T., S. Kawano, A. Sakai, A. Hirai & T. Kuroiwa, 1996. Variability of mitochondria) subgenomic molecules in the meristematic cells of higher plants. Genes Genet Syst 71: 329–333.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swartz, H.J., 1991. Post culture behavior: genetic and epigenetic effects and related problems. In: P.C. Debergh & R.H. Zimmerman (Eds.), Micropropagation, Technology and Application, pp 95–121. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Swift, H., 1950. The constancy of DNA in plant nuclei. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 36: 643–654.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tautz, D., 1989. Hypervariability of simple sequences as general source of polymorphic DNA markers. Nucl Acids Res 17: 6463–6471.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teoh, S.B. & H. Rees, 1976. Nuclear DNA amounts in populations of Picea and Pinus species. Heredity 36: 123–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teoh, S.B. & H. Rees, 1977. B chromosomes in White spruce. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 198: 325–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe, T.A., I.S. Harry & P.P. Kumar, 1991. Application of micropropagation to forestry. In: P.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debergh & R.H. Zimmerman (Eds.), Micropropagation, Technology and Application, pp 311–336. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibok, A., N.W. Blackhall, J.B. Power & M.R. Davey, 1995. Optimized plant regeneration from callus derived from seedling hypocotyls of Eucalyptus urophylla. Plant Sci 110: 139–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valkonen, J.P.T., M. Nygren, A. Yltinen & L. Mannonen, 1994. Nuclear DNA content of Pinus sylvestris ( L.) as determined by laser flow cytometry. Genetica 92: 203–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veilleux, R.E., 1998. Gametoclonal variation in crop plants. In: S.M. Jain, D.S. Brar & B.S. Ahloowalia (Eds.), Somaclonal variation and induced mutations in crop improvement, pp 123–134. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • von Arnold, S., 1988. Tissue culture methods for clonal propagation of forest trees. IAPTC Newsletter 56: 2–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vos, P., R. Hogers, M. Bleekers, M. Reijans, T. Van de Lee, M. Homes, A. Frijtens, J. Pot, J. Peleman, M. Kuiper & M. Zabeau, 1995. AFLPTM: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucl Acids Res 23: 4407–4414.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vuylsteke, D.R., 1998. Field performance of banana micropropagules and somaclones. In: S.M. Jain, D.S. Brar & B.S. Ahloowalia (Eds.), Somaclonal variation and induced mutations in crop improvement, pp 219–232. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Vyskot, B., J. Fajkus, P. Kuglik, B. Koukalova & V. Kuhrova, 1991. Genome modifications in protoplast- derived tobacco plants: phenotypic evaluation and RFLP analysis. Biologia Plant (Praha) 33: 455–460.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakasa, K., 1989. Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Men.). In: Y.P.S. Bajaj (Ed.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 5–Trees II, pp. 13–29. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, C., L.J. Grace, A. Wagner, D.W.R. White, A.R. Walden, S.S. Donaldson, H. Hinton, R.C. Gardner & D.R. Smith, 1998. Stable transformation and regeneration of transgenic plants of Pinus radiata D. Don. Plant Cell Rep 17: 460–468.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., S. Castiglione, Y. Chen, L. Li, Y. Han, Y. Tian, D.W. Gabriel, Y. Han, K. Mang & F. Sala, 1996. Poplar (Populus nigra) plants transformed with a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene: insecticidal activity and genomic analysis. Transgenic Res 5: 289–301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, W.C. & D. Marshall, 1996. Genomic rearrangement in long-term shoot competent cell cultures of hexaploid wheat. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 32P: 18–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weigel, R., M. Wolf & C.U. Hesemann, 1995. Mitochondrial DNA variation in plants regenerated from embryogenic callus cultures of CMS triticale. Theor Appl Genet 91: 1237–1241.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westcott, R, 1988. Difference in the methylation of DNA extracted from trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies) of different ages. In: J.W. Hanover & D.E. Keathley (Eds), Genetic Manipulation of Woody plants, pp. 493. Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, E.E., 1990. Chloroplast DNA in Pinus monticola-2. Survey of within-species variability and detection of heteroplasmic individuals. Theor Appl Genet 79: 251–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.G.K., A.R. Kubelik, K.J. Livak, J.A. Rafalski & S.V. Tingey, 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucl Acids Res 18: 6531–6535.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyman, J., S. Laliberté & M.F. Tremblay, 1997. Nuclear DNA content variation in seeds from 22 half-sib families of Jack pine (Pinus banksiana, Pinaceae ). Am J Bot 84: 1351–1361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, H. & H. Schmidt, 1994. Selection of a mutant from adventitious shoots formed in X-ray treated cherry leaves and differentiation of standard and mutant with RAPDs. Euphytica 77: 89–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, L.X. & H.T. Nguyen, 1994. Genetic variation detected with RAPD markers among upland and lowland rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 87: 668–672.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, K.L., S. Castiglione, M.G. Biasini, A. Biroli, C. Morandi & F. Sala, 1987. Nuclear DNA amplification in cultured cells of Oryza sativa L.. Theor Appl Genet 74: 65–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zietkiewicz, E., J. Rafalski & D. Labuda, 1994. Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeats ( SSR)anchored polymerase chain reaction. Genomics 20: 176–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, R.H., 1988. Micropropagation of woody plants: post tissue culture aspects. Acta Hort 227: 489–499.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité des eaux et forêts, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud, 2 bte 9, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    J.-L. Fourré

Authors
  1. J.-L. Fourré
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Vienna, Austria

    S. Mohan Jain

  2. Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA

    Subhash C. Minocha

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fourré, JL. (2000). Somaclonal Variation and Genetic Molecular Markers in Woody Plants. In: Jain, S.M., Minocha, S.C. (eds) Molecular Biology of Woody Plants. Forestry Sciences, vol 64. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2311-4_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2311-4_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5338-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2311-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation