Abstract
When following the march of natural philosophy during the second half of our century; when looking among the never-ending discoveries, sometimes more dazzling than important, to disentangle the laws according to which our conception of the external world evolves, a part of this history of science soon presents itself as worthy of very particular attention. I wish to speak about the history of the relation between thermodynamics and kinetic theories.
Originally published as “La Loi des Phases, à propos d’un livre récent de M. Wilder D. Bancroft,” Revue des questions scientifiques, 44 (1898), 54-82.
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References
Wilder D. Bancroft, The Phase Rule, 8° pp. viii + 255, Ithica, New York, 1897.
Williamson, Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, Vol. LXXVII, p. 37; 1851.
R. Clausius, Poggendorffs Annalen, vol. CI, p. 338; 1857.
Pierre Prévost, Recherches physico-mécaniques sur la chaleur, Genève, 1782.
R. Clausius, Poggendorffs Annalen, vol. C, p. 353; 1857.
Pfaündler, Poggendorff’s Annalen, Bd. CXXXI, p. 55; 1867.
Guldberg and Waage, Études sur les affinités chimiques, Christianja, 1867.
It seems that Malaguti Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 3rd. series, volume LI, p. 328, 1857 was the first to consider a chemical equilibrium as the effect of two inverse, equally fast, reactions. The idea expressed by Malaguti received little comment. It has not influenced the development of kinetic doctrines in chemistry.
L. Joulin, Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 4th. series, v. XXX, p. 248; 1875.
Naumann, Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, V. Suppl. Bd. CCCXLI.
Horstmann, Breathe der Deutschen Gesellschaft, 1st. year, p. 210; 1868.
Guldberg and Waage, Les Mondes, volume V, p. 105 and p. 627; 1864. — Etudes sur les affinités chimiques, Christianja, 1867. —Journal fir praktische Chemie, volume XIX, p. 69; 1879.
G. Lemoine, Comptes Rendus, 29 October, 1871. — Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 4th. series, volume XXVII, p. 289; 1872.— Etudes sur les équilibres chimique, Paris, 1881.
L. Pfaündler, loc. cit.
G. Lemoine, Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 4th series, volume XXVII, p. 308; 1872.
Horstmann, Liebig’s Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, Bd. CLXX, p. 208; 1875.
We have given an elementary account in our Introduction d la Mécanique chimique, Gand, Ad. Hoste and Paris, G. Carré, 1893.
J. Willard Gibbs, “On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances,” Transactions of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Connecticut, Vol. III, 1873–1876 ).
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Duhem, P. (2002). The Phase Law, in Connection with a Recent Book of Wilder D. Bancroft. In: Mixture and Chemical Combination. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol 223. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2292-6_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2292-6_19
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