Skip to main content

The Role of MPG1 Hydrophobin in Pathogenesis of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe Grisea

  • Chapter
Major Fungal Diseases of Rice
  • 544 Accesses

Abstract

Fungal plant pathogens have evolved diverse mechanisms for gaining entry into host tissue, ranging from entry through natural plant openings to various mechanisms of direct penetration through the outer cuticle. In the bean rust pathogen Uromyces appendiculatus, for example, differentiation into the infective cell, or appressorium, is triggered when germ tubes are able to sense the height of the stomatal guard cells (Hoch et al., 1987). This highlights the specialised nature of host perception by fungal pathogens and the likely complexity of the underlying biology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, T.H. (1995) Asexual sporulation in higher fungi, in N.A.R Gow and G.M. Gadd (eds.) The Growing Fungus, Chapman and Hall, London, UK, pp. 367–382.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, T.H., Boylan, M.T. and Timberlake, W.E. (1990) brlA is necessary and sufficient to direct conidiophore development in Aspergillus nidulans, Cell 54, 353–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arst, H.N. and Cove, D.J. (1973) Nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans, Molecular General Genetics 126, 111–141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckerman, J. L. and Ebbole, D. J. (1996) MPG], a gene encoding a fungal hydrophobin of Magnaporthe grisea, is involved in surface recognition, Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions 9, 450–456.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beever, R. E. and Dempsey, G. P. (1978) Function of rodlets on the surface of fungal spores, Nature 272, 608–610.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell-Pederson, D., Dunlap, J. C. and Loros, J. J. (1992) The Neurospora circadian clock-controlled gene, ccg2, is allelic to eas and encodes a fungal hydrophobin required for formation of the conidial rodlet layer, Genes and Development 6, 2382–2394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell-Pederson, D., Dunlap, J. C. and Loros, J. J. (1996) Distinct cis-acting elements mediate clock, light, and developmental regulation of the Neurospora crassa EAS (ccg-2) gene, Molecular Cell Biology 16, 513–521.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourett, T.M. and Howard, R.J. (1990) In vitro development of penetration structures in the rice blast fungus Magnaportthe grisea, Canadian Journal of Botany 68, 329–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden, C.G., Smalley, E., Guries, R.P., Hubbes, M. and Horgen, P.A. (1996) Lack of association between cerato-ulmin production and virulence in Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions 9, 556–564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowles, D.J. (1990) Defense related proteins in higher plants, Annual Review of Biochemistry 59, 873–907.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caddick, M.X., Arst, H.N. Taylor, L.H., Johnson, R.I. and Brownlee, A.G. (1986). Cloning of the regulatory gene areA mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans, EMBO Journal 5, 1087–1090.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clutterbuck, A.J. (1969) A mutational analysis of conidial development in Aspergillus nidulans, Genetics 63, 317–327.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coddington, A. (1976) Biochemical studies on the nit mutants of Neurospora crassa, Molecular General Genetics 145, 195–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey, G.P. and Beever, R.E. (1979) Electron microscopy of the rodlet layer of Neurospora crassa conidia, Journal of Bacteriology 139, 757–761.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, O. M. H., Fekkes, M. P., Wosten, H. A. B. and Wessels, J. G. H. (1993) Insoluble hydrophobin complexes in the walls of Schizophyllum commune and other filamentous fungi, Archieves in Microbiology 159, 330–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Froeliger, E. and Carpenter, B. (1996) NUT-, a major nitrogen regulator in Magnaporthe grisea is dispensible for pathogenicity, Molecular General Genetics 251, 647–656.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu, Y.-H. and Marzluf, G.A. (1990) nit-2, the major positive acting nitrogen regulating gene of Neurospora crassa, encodes a sequence-specific DNA binding protein, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 87, 5331–5335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoch, H.C., Staples, R.C., Whitehead, B., Comeau, J. and Wolf, E.D. (1987) Signaling for growth orientation and cell differentiation by surface topography in Uromyces, Science 235, 1659–1662.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R.J. and Ferrari, M.A. (1989) Role of melanin in appressorium function, Experimental Mycology 13, 403–418.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard R.J., and Valent B. (1996) Breaking and entering–host penetration by the fungal rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, Annual Review of Microbiology 50, 491–512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R.J., Ferrari, M.A., Roach, D.H. and Money, N.P. (1991) Penetration of hard substrates by a fungus employing enormous turgor pressures, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88, 11281–11284.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jelitto, T.C., Page, H.A. and Read, N.D. (1994) Role of external signals in regulating the pre-penetration phase of infection by the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, Planta b194, 471–477.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, G. and Hamer, J.E. (1996) Regulatory genes controlling MPG expression and pathogenicity in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea, The Plant Cell 8, 771–781.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauter, F. R., Russo, V. E. A. and Yanofsky, C. (1992) Developmental and light regulation of Eas, the structural gene for the rodlet protein of Neurospora crassa, Genes and Development 6, 2373–2381.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y-H. and Dean, R.A. (1994) Hydrophobicity of contact surface induces appressorium formation in Magnaporthe grisea, FEMS Microbiology Letters 115, 71–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loros, J.J., Denome, S.A. and Dunlap, J.C. (1989) Molecular cloning of genes under the control of the circadian clock in Neurospora, Science 243, 385–388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards W.C. and Takai, S. (1993) Amino acid sequence and spectroscopic studies of Dutch elm disease toxin, cerato-ulmin, in M.B. Sticklen and J.L. Sherald (eds), Dutch Elm Disease Research, Cellular and Molecular Approaches, Springer Verlag, New York, pp 152–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romao, J. and Hamer, J.E. (1992) Genetic organization of a repeated DNA sequence family in the rice blast fungus, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89, 5316–5320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • St. Leger, R. J., Staples, R. C. and Roberts, D. W. (1992) Cloning and regulatory analysis of starvation-stress gene, ssgA, encoding a hydrophobin-like protein from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, Gene 120, 119–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stringer, M. A. and Timberlake, W. E. (1993) Cerato-ulmin, a toxin involved in Dutch Elm disease, is a fungal hydrophobin, The Plant Cell 5, 145–146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stringer, M. A. and Timberlake, W. E. (1995) dewA encodes a fungal hydrophobin component of the Aspergillus spore wall, Molecular Microbiology 16, 33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stringer, M. A., Dean, R. A., Sewell, T. C. and Timberlake, W. E. (1991) Rodletless, a new Aspergillus developmental mutant induced by directed gene inactivation, Genes and Development 5, 1161–1171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takai, S. (1974) Pathogenicity and cerato-ulmin production in Ceratocystis ulmi, Nature 52, 124–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takai, S. and Richards, W. C. (1978) Cerato-ulmin, a wilting toxin of Ceratocystis ulmi: Isolation and some properties of cerato-ulmin from the culture of C. ulmi, Journal of Phytopathology 91, 129–146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot, N. J. (1995) Having a blast: exploring the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea, Trends in Microbiology 3, 9–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot, N.J. (1997) Fungal Biology: Growing into the air, Current Biology 7, R78–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot, N. J., Ebbole, D. J. and Hamer, J. E. (1993) Identification and characterization of MPG, a gene involved in pathogenicity from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea, The Plant Cell 5, 1575–1590.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot, N. J., Kershaw, M. J., Wakley, G. E., de Vries, O. M. H, Wessels, J. G. H. and Hamer, J. E. (1996) MPG’ encodes a fungal hydrophobin invovled in surface interactions during infection-related development by Magnaporthe grisea, The Plant Cell 8, 985–989.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Templeton, M. D., Greenwood, D. R. and Beever, R. E. (1995) Solubilization of Neurospora crassa rodlet proteins and identification of the predominant protein as the proteolytically processed eas (ccg-2) gene product, Experimental Mycology 19, 166–169.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timberlake, W.E. (1990) Molecular genetics of Aspergillus development, Annual Review of Genetics 24, 536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wessels, J. G. H. (1994) Developmental regulation of fungal cell wall formation, Annual Review of Phytopathology 32, 413–437.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wessels, J. G. H. (1996) Fungal hydrophobins. Proteins that function at an interface, Trends in Plant Science 1, 9–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wessels, J.G.H. (1997) Hydrophobins: Proteins that change the nature of the fungal surface, Advances in Microbial Physiology 38, 1–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wessels, J. G. H., de Vries, O. M. H., AsgeirsdOttir, S. A. and Schuren, F. H. J. (1991a) Hydrophobin genes involved in formation of aerial hyphae and fruit bodies in Schizophyllum, The Plant Cell 3, 793–799.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wessels, J. G. H., de Vries, O. M. H., AsgeirsdOttir, S. A. and Springer, J. (1991b) The thn mutation of Schizophyllum commune, which suppresses formation of aerial hyphae, affects expression of the Sc3 hydrophobin gene, Journal of General Microbiology 137, 2439–2445.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wösten, H. A. B., de Vries, O. M. H. and Wessels, J. G. H. (1993) Interfacial self-assembly of a fungal hydrophobin into a hydrophobic rodlet layer, The Plant Cell 5, 1567–1574.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wösten, H. A. B., Asgeirsdôttir, S. A., Krook, J. H., Drenth, J. H. H. and Wessels, J. G. H. (1994a) The fungal hydrophobin Sc3p self-assembles at the surface of aerial hyphae as a protein membrane constituting the hydrophobic rodlet layer, European Journal of Cell Biology 63, 122–129.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wösten, H. A. B., Schuren, F. H. J. and Wessels, J. G. H. (1994b) Interfacial self-assembly of a hydrophobin into an amphipathic membrane mediates fungal attachment to hydrophobic surfaces, EMBO Journal 13, 5848–5854.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, J.Z., Watanabe, T., Kamakura, T., Ohshima, A. and Yamaguchi, I. (1994) Studies on cellular differentiation of Magnaporthe grisea. Physio-chemical aspects of substratum surfaces in relation to appressorium formation, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 44, 227–236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y., Shah, J. and Klessig, D.F. (1997) Signal perception and transduction in plant defense responses, Genes and Development 11, 1621–1639

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kershaw, M.J., Talbot, N.J. (2001). The Role of MPG1 Hydrophobin in Pathogenesis of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe Grisea . In: Major Fungal Diseases of Rice. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2157-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2157-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5835-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-2157-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics