Abstract
If carried out with an eager and open mind, painstaking empirical research leads us into vast uncharted regions of facts and relations. The more one penetrates into the thickness of such regions, the more one is fascinated. One is — often against one’s will — drawn further and further into the study of details and intricate structures revealed by the data found or collected. Bystanders are often astonished at this: What has gradually broadened into a whole world is, seen from outside, only a secondary and special field or at least a field of no importance for any great problems. And the outsider is right: it is only very rarely that a piece of empirical research obtains a great weight in solving or clarifying central problems.
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References
Cp. A. Naess, ‘Logical Equivalence, Intentional Isomorphism and Synonymity as studied by Questionnaires’, Synthese,vol. Xa, p. 476.
The objection that Qs-family-I-synonymity is not real synonymity is of the same nature as the objection that intelligence as measured by this or that test is not real intelligence. (Cp. Author,`Synonymity as revealed by intuition’, Philosophical Review,vol. 56, 1957).
For those questionnaires which have been used in some study, the results of which have been published, a reference will be made to this publication. IP is in this case and the following an abbreviation for Arne Naess, Interpretation and Preciseness,Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, Hist.—Filos. Klasse 1953, No. 1, Oslo, 1953.
Emp. is an abbreviation for An empirical Study of the Expressions `true’, ’perfectly certain’, and ‘extremely probable’,Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, Hist. Filos. Klasse, 1953, No. 4, Oslo, 1954.
Cp. species 1 of genus I, family I. — No definite event of interpretation is presumed analyzed. Under strange, imagined conditions, the text may get other meanings, and these may be conceived by the subject. Qs5-synonymity is present if T and U make similar changes in meaning with similar changes of conditions.
See especially note 7, in his `Meaning and Synonymy in Natural Languages’ (Philosophical Studies, 1955) reprinted in R. Carnap, Meaning and Necessity, 2. ed. Chicago, 1956 and in American Philosophers at Work, ed. Sidney Hook, N.Y., 1956.
R.Carnap, op. cit., p. 63 in American Philosophers at Work.
The choice of hypotheses leads to the main problems of meaning analysis of occurences of terms in natural languages. (A. Naess, `Forekomstanalysens grunnproblemer’, Nordisk Sommeruniversitet 1953, Copenhagen, 1954 ).
R. Carnap, op. cit.,p. 60.
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Naess, A. (1962). Typology of Questionnaires Adopted to the Study of Expressions with Closely Related Meanings. In: Logic and Language. Synthese Library, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2111-0_13
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