Abstract
Since around 1970, the structural changes becoming evident in metropolitan areas of the United States and Europe have been characterized by the reduction of population differentials between the central city and its suburbs.1 In other words, the urban functions which had previously been concentrated in the central city are now being dispersed to the suburbs. This phenomenon has been recognized in the United States and Europe by Vining and Pallone (1982) and Champion et al. (1989), among others. Gordon (1979) identified the causes of functional dispersion as being changes in corporate location factors. In other words, companies which seek external economies but are located in central cities are seeking economies of scale which accompany this growth. Substantial areas of inexpensive land are needed for expansion, so industries move to the suburbs. As a result, employment opportunities increase in the suburbs, which no longer have to depend on the central cities for jobs.2 Gordon placed this restructuring of the metropolitan area within the expansion process of the urban region.
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Murayama, Y., Hashimoto, Y. (2000). Population Movement. In: Japanese Urban System. The GeoJournal Library, vol 56. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2006-9_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2006-9_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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