Abstract
Geography is learned in many ways. Some geographic understandings are developed as part of the process of human development through accommodation and assimilation, whereas other understandings and skills are learned in formal educational contexts through carefully planned instruction and the artful construction of student learning opportunities (West, Farmer and Wolff 1991). Additional geographic knowledge is acquired through informal, real-world experiences such as family travel, scouting, work, sports, and community involvement. There is no consensus on optimal learning environments for geography, no agreement on the single best place, time, or method to learn geography. The reason for this lack of agreement is that different types of geography learning necessitate different learning experiences.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bransford, J., Brown, A. and Cocking, R. (eds.) (1999) How People Learn. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
Dewey, J. (1916) Democracy and Education. New York: Macmillan.
Fien, J., Cox, B. and Fossey, W. (1989) Geography: a medium for education. In J. Fien, R. Gerber, and P Wilson (eds) The Geography Teachers Guide to the Classroom ( 2nd edition ), 1 - 9. Melbourne, Australia: Macmillan.
Foskett, N. (1999) Forum: fieldwork in the geography curriculum — International perspectives and research issues. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 8 /2: 159 - 207.
Freire, P. (1993) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum.
Glasgow, N. (1997) New Curriculum for New Times. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corw in Press.
Hart, R. (1997) Childrens Participation. London: Earthscan.
Jones, B., Rasmussen, C. and Moffitt, M. (1997) Real life Problem Solving. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association.
Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991) Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Geography Education Standards Project (1994) Geography for Life: National Geography Standards. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society.
Sfard, A. (1998) On two metaphors for learning and the dangers of choosing just one. Educational Researcher, 27 /2: 4 - 13.
Windschitl, M. (1999) The challenges of sustaining a constructivist classroom culture. Kappan 80(10):751-755. West, C., Farmer, J. and Wolff., P. (1991) Instructional Design Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bednarz, S., Bednarz, R. (2003). Alternative Geography. In: Gerber, R. (eds) International Handbook on Geographical Education. The GeoJournal Library, vol 73. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1942-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1942-1_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-6172-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1942-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive