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Hydrogeology of Crystalline Rocks pp 227–246Cite as

Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium as Geochemical Indicators of the Source of Mineral and Thermal Waters

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Part of the book series: Water Science and Technology Library ((WSTL,volume 34))

Abstract

Abundances of rare earth elements REE and Y (combined to REY) in mineral and geothermal waters are compared with those in aquifer rocks and leachates from these rocks. The study includes mineral waters from Kyselka, Czech Republic and the Black Forest, Germany, geothermal waters from Kizildere, Turkey, a brine from the Continental Deed Drilling Project, Germany, an iron-rich spring in Nishiki-numa, Hokkaido, Japan, and vent fluids from the oceanic floor. All REY/Ca patterns of waters from felsic rocks are similar, whereas those from mafic rocks show a wide spread which is attributed to different modes of crystallisation. The source-rock-normalised patterns of REY of leachates of magmatic rocks plot closely together. Their metamorphic equivalents scatter widely. The source-rock-normalised leachates show that in mafic rocks REY/Ca are considerably more accessible than in felsic rocks. The retention of REY in less altered granites and basalt decrease from La to Lu, whereas in strongly altered rocks and most metamorphites REY patterns are either horizontal or increasing from La to Lu. Negative Y and variable Eu anomalies indicated that the accessibility and/or chemical behaviour of these two elements during weathering of rocks and migration of fluids is different from the other REE. REY are retained by factors up to 10000 in crystalline rocks but are leached like Ca (and other elements) from glassy material Anomalous Eu, Y and Ce yield information on the fluid-rock interaction. Eu is sensitive to temperature, whereas Y is not. Anomalous Eu is inherited and may be enhanced at temperatures above 250°C. Ce is sensitive to oxygen fugacity and pH. Y seems to be sensitive to pH and to ligands dominating REY complexation in solution and on surfaces. In general, Y is released more easily from the rocks than REE and is less retained by sorption onto mineral surfaces.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, D-14473, Potsdam, Germany

    P. Möller

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  1. P. Möller
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hydrogeology, Geological Survey Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany

    Ingrid Stober

  2. Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Kurt Bucher

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Möller, P. (2000). Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium as Geochemical Indicators of the Source of Mineral and Thermal Waters. In: Stober, I., Bucher, K. (eds) Hydrogeology of Crystalline Rocks. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 34. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1816-5_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1816-5_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5368-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1816-5

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