Skip to main content

Rejuvenation of Forest Trees

  • Chapter
Hormonal Control of Tree Growth

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 28))

  • 136 Accesses

Abstract

Phase change, or maturation, in woody plants not only results in changes in growth behavior, but results in increased difficulty in vegetatively propagating select individuals. The process of maturation in woody plants is discussed, with emphasis on methods for reversal of the process, including use of plant growth regulators and tissue culture. Since maturation is manifested by changes in growth behavior, foliar morphology, phyllotaxy, reproductive competence, in addition to numerous other traits, care must be taken to evaluate the effectiveness of rejuvenation methods in terms of all of these traits. Several hypotheses on the mechanism for phase change are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature Cited

  1. ABO EL-NIL MM 1982 Method for asexual reproduction of coniferous trees. Patent No. 4,353,184. October 12. U.S. Patent Office.

    Google Scholar 

  2. BANKS MS 1979 Plant regeneration from callus from two growth phases of English ivy, Hedera helix L. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 92: 349–353.

    Google Scholar 

  3. BECWAR MR, TL NOLAND, SR WANN 1986 Somatic embryo develop- ment and plant regeneration from embryogenic Norway spruce callus. In: Recent developments in forest biotechnology. Proc. TAPPI Conf., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  4. BEKKAOUI F, A FRANCLET, N WALKER 1985 Culture in vitro de meristemes de Douglas age et juvenile. Annales Afocel 1984, pp. 45–73.

    Google Scholar 

  5. BERLYN GP, RE BECK 1980 Tissue culture as a technique for studying meristematic activity. In: Control of shoot growth in forest trees, Proc. IUFRO Symposium, June 20–24, Fredericton, NB, Can., CHA Little ed. pp. 305–324.

    Google Scholar 

  6. BOLSTAD PV, WJ Libby 1982 Comparison of radiata pine cuttings of hedge and tree-farm origin after growing seasons. Silvae Genetica 31: 9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  7. BONGA JM 1982 Vegetative propagation in relation to juvenility, maturity, and rejuvenation. In: Tissue culture in forestry. JM Bonga, DJ Durzan eds., Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk, Publishers, pp. 387–412.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. BORCHERT R 1976 Differences in shoot growth patterns between juvenile and adult trees and their interpretation based on systems analysis of trees. Acta Hort. 56: 123–130.

    Google Scholar 

  9. BOURIQUET R, M TSOGAS, A BLASELLE 1985 Essais de rejeunissement de l’épicéa par les cytokinins. Annales Afocel 1984, pp. 173–185.

    Google Scholar 

  10. CARMI A, J VAN STADEN 1983 Role of roots in regulating the growth rate and cytokinin content in leaves. Plant Physiol. 73: 76–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. DOMONEY C, JN TIMMIS 1980 Ribosomal RNA gene redundancy in juvenile and mature ivy (Hedera helix). J. Expt. Bot. 31: 1093–1110.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. DOORENBOS J 1965 Juvenile and adult phases in woody plants. In: W Ruhlond ed., Encyl. Plant Physiol. Vol. XV/1, pp. 1222–1235. Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  13. FARNUM P, R TIMMIS, JL KULP 1983 Biotechnology of forest yield. Science 219: 694–702

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. FOURET Y, Y ARNAUD, C LARRIEU 1984 Rajeunissement in vitro sequoia sempervirens-effect du nombre et de la fréquence des repiquages-recherche de criteres proceses de juvénilité. Annales Afocel 1984, pp. 111–137.

    Google Scholar 

  15. FRANCLET A 1979 Rajeunissement des arbres adultes in vue de leur propagation vegetative. Afocel No. 12, Micropropagation D’Arbres Forestiers, pp. 3–18.

    Google Scholar 

  16. FRANCLET A 1981 Rajeunissement et propagation végtétative de lignieux. Annales Afocel 1980, pp. 12–39.

    Google Scholar 

  17. FRANCLET A, A DAVID, H DAVID, M BOULAY 1980 Premiér mis en évidence morphologique d’un rejeunissemet de méristémes primares caulinaires de Pin maritime âgé (Pinus pinaster Sol.). C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, 290, Serie D: 927–930.

    Google Scholar 

  18. FRYDMAN VM, PF WAREING 1973 Phase change in Hedera helix L. I. Gibberellin-like substances in the two growth phases. J. Exp. Bot. 24: 1131–1138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. FRYDMAN VM, PF WAREING 1973 Phase changes in Hedera helix L. II. The possible role of roots as a source of shoot gibberellinlike substances. J. Expt. Bot. 24: 1139–1148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. GARDNER FE 1929 The relationship between tree age and the rooting of cuttings. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 26: 101–104.

    Google Scholar 

  21. GOUBLAY DE NANTOIS T DE LA 1980 Rajeunissement chez le Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii) en vue de la propagation vegetative. In: Memoire l’Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, p. 44.

    Google Scholar 

  22. GREENWOOD MS 1984 Phase change in loblolly pine: shoot development as a function of age. Phys. Plant. 61: 518–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. GUPTA PK, DJ DURZAN 1986 Somatic polyembryogenesis from callus of mature sugar pine embryos. Bio. Tech. 4: 643–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. HACKETT WP 1985 Juvenility, maturation, and rejuvenation in woody plants. Hort. Reviews 7: 109–155.

    Google Scholar 

  25. HAKMAN I, LC FOWKE, S vonARNOLD, T ERIKSSON 1985 The devevelopment of somatic embryos in tissue cultures initiated from immature embryos of Picea abies (Norway spruce). Plant Sci. 38: 53–59.

    Google Scholar 

  26. HOOD JV, WJ LIBBY 1978 Continuing effects of maturation state in radiata pine and a general maturation model. In: Propagation of higher plants through tissue culture. KW Hughes, R Henke, M Constantin, eds. Proc. of Symposium at Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, April 16–18.

    Google Scholar 

  27. HUGHES KW 1986 Tissue culture derived crossing barriers. Amer. J. Bot. 73: 323–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. KOSSUTH SV 1978 Induction of fascicular bud development in Pinus sylvestris L. HortSci. 13: 174–176.

    Google Scholar 

  29. KROGSTRUP P 1986 Embryolike structures from cotyledons of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Can. J. For. Res. 16: 664–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. LIBBY WJ 1977 Rooted cuttings in production forests. In: Proc. 14th S. For. Tree Imp. Conf., Publication No. 36. Eastern Tree Seed Lab, P.O. Box 819, Macon, GA 31202, U.S.A. pp. 13–19.

    Google Scholar 

  31. LYRENE PM 1980 Micropropagation of rabbit eye blueberries. Hort-Science 15: 80–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. LYRENE PM 1981 Juvenility and production of fast-rooting cuttings from blueberry shoot cultures. J. Amer. Hort. Soc. 106: 396–398.

    Google Scholar 

  33. McKEAND SE 1986 Expression of mature characteristics by tissue culture plantlets derived from embryos of loblolly pine. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111 (4): 619–623.

    Google Scholar 

  34. MERKLE SA, ME SOMMER 1986 Somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of Liriodendron tulipifera L. Can. J. For. Res. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  35. MISSON JP, P GIOT-WIRGOT 1985 Rajeunissement d’un clone de thuja en vue de sa multiplication in vitro. Annales Afocel 1984. pp. 187–197.

    Google Scholar 

  36. MULLINS MG, Y NAIR, P SIMPET 1979 Rejuvenation in vitro: induction of juvenile characters in an adult clone of Vitis vinifera L. Ann. Bot. 44: 623–627.

    Google Scholar 

  37. NAGAMANI R, JM BONGA 1985 Embryogenesis in subcultured callus of Larix decidua. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 1088–1091.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. POLITO VS, V ALLIATA 1981 Growth of calluses derived from shoot apical meristems of adult and juvenile English ivy (Hedera helix L.). Plant Sci. Let. 22: 387–393.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. POLITO VS, YC CHANG 1984 Quantitative nuclear cytology of English ivy (Hedera helix L.). Plant Sci. Let. 34: 369–377.

    Google Scholar 

  40. RAZIN A, M SZYF 1984 DNA methylation patterns: formation and function. Biochem. and Biophys. Acta 782: 331–342.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. RIFFAUD JL, D CORNU 1981 Utilisation de la culture in vitro pour la multiplication de merisiers adultes (Prunus avium L.) sélectionnés en forét. Agronomie 8: 633–640.

    Google Scholar 

  42. ROBBINS WJ 1960 Further observations on juvenile and adult Hedera helix. Amer. J. Bot. 47: 485–491.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. ROGLER CE, ME DAHMUS 1974 Gibberellic acid-induced phase change in Hedera helix as studied by deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid hybridization. Plant Physiol. 54: 88–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. ROGLER CE, WP HACKETT 1975 Phase change in Hedera helix: Induction of the mature to juvenile phase change by gibberellin A3. Physiol. Plant. 34: 141–147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. ROSS SD, RP PHARIS, W BINDER 1983 Growth regulators and conifers: their physiology and potential uses in forestry. In: LG Nickell ed., Plant Growth Regulating Chemicals, Vol. II, CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 35–78.

    Google Scholar 

  46. ROULUND M 1974 Comparative study of characteristics of seedlings and clonal cuttings. N.Z. J. For. Sci. 4: 78–86.

    Google Scholar 

  47. ST CLAIR, JB, J KLEINSCHMIT, J SVOLBA 1985 Juvenility and serial vegetative propagation of Norway spruce clones ( Picea abies Karst. ). Silvae Gen. 42–48.

    Google Scholar 

  48. SANTAMOUR FS 1965 Rooting of pitch pine stump sprouts. Tree Planters ’ Notes 70: 7–8.

    Google Scholar 

  49. SHAFFALITZKY DE MUCKADELL M 1959 Investigations of aging of apical meristems in woody plants and its importance in silviculture. Forstl. Forsogsv. Danm. 25, 310–455.

    Google Scholar 

  50. SCHAFFNER KJ, W NAGL 1979 Differential DNA replication involved in transition from juvenile to adult phase in Hedera helix Araliaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. Suppl. 2: 105–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. SMITH WH, RN KONAR 1969 Initiation of ovulate strobili in cotyledon-stage seedlings of Pinus elliotii. Can. J. Bot. 47: 624–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. SWEET GB 1973 The effect of maturation on the growth and form of vegetative propagules of Radinta pine. N.Z. Jour. For. Sci. 3: 191–210.

    Google Scholar 

  53. SWEET GB, MP BOLLMANN 1976 The terminology of pine shoot growth. N.Z. Jour. For. Sci. 6: 393–396.

    Google Scholar 

  54. VON ARNOLD S, I HAKMAN 1986 Effect of sucrose on initiation of embryogenic callus cultures from mature zygotic embryos of Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce). J. Plant Physiol. 122: 261–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. WALBOT V, CA CULLIS 1985 Rapid genomic change in higher plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 36: 367–396.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. WAREING PF 1959 Problems of juvenility and flowering in trees. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 56: 282–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. WAREING PF 1980 Root hormones and shoot growth. In: Control of shoot growth in trees. CHA Little ed., Proc. IUFRO Workshop, July 20–24, Fredericton, N.B., pp. 237–256.

    Google Scholar 

  58. WHITEHILL SJ, WW SCHWABE 1975 Vegetative propagation of Pinus sylvestris. Physiol. Plant. 35: 66–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. ZIMMERMAN RH 1973 Juvenility and flowering of fruit trees. Acta Hort. 34: 139–142.

    Google Scholar 

  60. ZIMMERMAN RH, WP HACKETT, RP PHARIS 1985 Hormonal aspects of phase change and precocious flowering. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, RP Pharis, DM Reid eds., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, vol. 11 (N.S.), pp. 79–115.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Greenwood, M.S. (1987). Rejuvenation of Forest Trees. In: Kossuth, S.V., Ross, S.D. (eds) Hormonal Control of Tree Growth. Forestry Sciences, vol 28. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1793-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1793-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8307-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1793-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics