Abstract
In this chapter the main factors influencing high temperature creep—fatigue crack growth in engineering materials are discussed. The significance of minimum to maximum load ratio R, frequency, environment and temperature are considered in turn. Transgranular cycle dependent and intergranular time dependent controlled cracking processes are identified. Conditions favouring each mechanism are clarified and it is shown that cumulative damage concepts can be applied to predict interaction effects. It is found that cyclic controlled processes are most likely to dominate at high frequencies and low R. Creep and environmental mechanisms, which are favoured at low frequencies, high temperatures and high R,are identified as contributing to the time dependent component of cracking. It is shown that these processes can enhance the crack growth per cycle significantly and reduce component lives.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ponsford, J.S. and Waddington, G.K. (1984) Proc. AGARD Conf. Engine Cycle Durability by Analysis and Testing,Lisse, Netherlands, AGARD-CP-368, June 1984, paper 15.
ASTM (1987) Standard test method for measuring fatigue crack growth rates, Book of Standards, ASTM E647–86a, 03. 01, pp. 899–926.
Paris, P.C. and Erdogan, F (1963) A critical analysis of crack propagation laws. ASME, J. Basic Eng., 85, 528–534.
Fuchs, H.O. and Stephens, R.I. (1980) Metals Fatigue in Engineering, Wiley, New York.
British Standards Institution (1994) Guide to methods for the assessment of the influence of crack growth on the significance of defects in components operating at high temperatures. BSPD 6539: 1994.
Ewalds, H.L. and Wanhill, R.J.H. (1985) Fracture Mechanics, Edward Arnold, London.
Tomkins, B. (1968) Fatigue crack propagation–an analysis. Phil. Mag., 18, 1041–1066.
Forman, R.G., Kearney, V.E. and Engle, R.M. (1967) Numerical analysis of crack propagation in cyclic-loaded structures. ASME, J. Basic Eng., 89, 459–464.
Elber, W. (1971) The significance of fatigue crack drive in damage tolerance in aircraft structures, ASTM STP 486, ASTM pp. 230–247.
Schijve, J. (1980) Prediction methods for fatigue crack growth in aircraft material, Fracture Mechanics: 12th Conf., ASTM STP 700, ASTM, pp. 3–34.
Webster, G.A. (1992) Role of neutron diffraction in engineering stress analysis, in Measurement of Residual and Applied Stress using Neutron Diffraction, (eds M.T. Hutchings and A.D. Krawitz) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 21–35.
Stacey. A. and Webster, G.A. (1988) Influence of residual stress on fatigue crack growth in thick-walled cylinders, in Analytical and Experimental Methods of Residual Stress Effects in Fatigue, (eds R.L. Champoux, J.H. Underwood and J.A. Kapp), ASTM STP 1004, ASTM, pp. 37–53.
Dowling, N.E. (1976) Geometry effects and the I-integral approach to elastic-plastic fatigue crack growth, in Cracks and Fracture ASTM STP 601, ASTM, pp. 19–32.
Brose, W.R. and Dowling, N.E. (1979) Size effects on fatigue crack growth rate of type 304 stainless steel, in Elastic-Plastic Fracture, (eds J.D. Landes, J.A. Begley and G.A. Clarke), ASTM STP 668, ASTM, pp. 720–735.
ASTM (1987) Standard test method for J1 c, a measure of fracture toughness, Annual Book of Standards, ASTM E813–87, 03.01, pp. 968–990.
ASTM (1992) Standard test method for measurement of creep crack growth rates in metals, Annual Book of Standards, ASTM E1457–92, 03.01, 1031–1043.
Webster, G.A. (1992) Methods of estimating C’. Mater. High Temp., 10, 73–78.
Miller, K.J. (1984) The propagation behaviour of short fatigue cracks, in Subcritical Crack Growth due to Fatigue, Stress Corrosion and Creep, (ed. L.H. Larsson ), Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 151–166.
Tomkins, B. (1984) High strain fatigue, ibid, pp. 239–266.
Webster, G.A. (1987) High temperature fatigue crack growth in superalloy blade materials. Mater. Sci. Technol., 3, 716–726.
Sadananda, K. and Shahinian, P. (1979) A fracture mechanics approach to high temperature fatigue crack growth in Udimet 700. Eng. Fract. Mech., 11, 73–86.
Holdsworth, S.R. and Hoffelner, W. (1982) Fracture mechanics and crack growth in fatigue, in High Temperature Alloys for Gas Turbines, (eds R. Brunetaud et al.), Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, pp. 345–368.
Viswanathan, R. (1989) Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High-Temperature Components, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio.
Ohtani, R., Kitamura, T., Nitta, A. and Kuwabara, K. (1988) High temperature low cycle fatigue crack propagation and life laws of smooth specimens derived from the crack propagation laws, in Low Cycle Fatigue, (eds H.D. Solomon, G.R. H.lford, L.R. Kaisand and B.N. Leis), ASTM STP 942, ASTM pp. 1163–1180.
Shahinian, P. and Sadananda, K. (1976) Crack growth behaviour under creep-fatigue conditions in alloy 718, in Proc. ASME-MPC-3 Symposium Creep-Fatigue Interaction, ASTM, pp. 365–390.
Pineau, A. (1984) High temperature fatigue: Creep-fatigue-oxidation interactions in relation to microstructure, in Subcritical Crack Growth due to Fatigue, Stress Corrosion and Creep, (ed. L.H. Larsson ), Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 483–530.
Ellison, E.G. (1984) Combined creep-fatigue-environment cracking, ibid, pp. 531–563.
Nikbin, K.M. and Webster, G.A. (1984) Creep-fatigue crack growth in a nickel base superalloy in Creep and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, (eds B. Wilshire and D.R.J. Owen), Pineridge Press, Swansea, pp. 1091–1103.
Winstone, M.R., Nikbin, K.M. and Webster, G.A. (1985) Modes of failure under creep/ fatigue loading of a nickel-base superalloy. J. Mater. Sci., 20, 2471–2476.
Dimopulos, V., Nikbin, K.M. and Webster, G.A. (1988) Influence of cyclic to mean load ratio on creep/fatigue crack growth. Met. Trans. A, 19A, 873–880.
Schijve, J. (1976) The stress ratio effect on fatigue crack growth in 2024-T3 Al clad and the relation to crack closure, Aerospace Eng. memo M-336, Delft University, Aug 1976.
Floreen, S. and Kane, R.H. (1979) An investigation of the creep—fatigue-environment interaction in a Ni-base superalloy. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 2, 401–412.
Floreen, S. and Kane, R.H. (1979) Effects of environment on high-temperature fatigue crack growth in a superalloy. Met. Trans., 10A, pp. 1745–1751.
Gayda, J., Gabb, T.P. and Miner, R.V. (1988) Fatigue crack propagation of nickel base superalloys at 650 °C, in Low Cycle Fatigue, (eds H.D. Solomon, G.R. H.lford, L.R. Kaisand and B.N. Leis), ASTM STP 942, ASTM, pp. 293–309.
Nikbin, K.M. and Webster, G.A. (1988) Prediction of crack growth under creep—fatigue loading conditions, in Low Cycle Fatigue, (eds H.D. Solomon, G.R. H.lford, L.R. Kaisand and B.N. Leis), ASTM STP 942, ASTM, pp. 281–292.
Buchheim, G.M., Becht, C., Nikbin, K.M., Dimopulos, V., Webster, G.A. and Smith, D.J. (1989) Influence of aging on high temperature creep crack growth in type 304 H stainless steel, in Non-Linear Fracture Mechanics: Vol 1 Time Dependent Fracture, (eds A. Saxena, J.D. Landes and J.L. Bassani), A.TM STP 995, ASTM, pp. 153–172.
Gladwin, D.N., Miller, D.A. and Priest, R.H. (1989) Examination of the fatigue and creep-fatigue crack growth behaviour of aged 347 stainless steel weld metal at 650 ° C. Mater Sci, Technol., 5, 40–5I.
Austin, T.S.P. and Webster, G.A. (1993) Application of a creep—fatigue crack growth model to type 316 stainless steel, in Behaviour of Defects at High Temperatures, ESIS 15 (eds R.A. Ainsworth and R.P. Skelton ), Mechanical Engineering Publications, London, pp. 219–237.
Skelton, R.P., Beech, S.M., Holdsworth, S.R., Neate, G.J., Miller, D.A. and Priest, R.H. (1993) Round robin tests on creep—fatigue crack growth in a ferritic steel at 550° C, in Behaviour of Defects at High Temperatures, ESIS 15 (eds R.A. Ainsworth and R.P. Skelton ), Mechanical Engineering Publications, London, pp. 299–325.
Priest, R.H. and Miller, D.A. (1991) The assessment of creep—fatigue initiation and crack growth, in Creep in Structures, IUTAM Symposium Cracow/Poland 1990, (ed. M. Zyczkowski ), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 441–450.
Levaillant, C. and Pineau, A. (1982) Assessment of high temperature low cycle fatigue of austenitic stainless steels using intergranular damage as a correlating parameter in low cycle fatigue and life prediction (eds C. Amzallag et al.),ASTM STP 770, ASTM, pp. 169–193.
Skelton, R.P. (1993) Damage factors during high temperature fatigue crack growth, in Behaviour of Defects at High Temperatures, ESIS 15 (eds R.A. Ainsworth and R.P. Skelton ), Mechanical Engineering Publications, London, pp. 191–218.
Ainsworth, R.A. and Budden, P.J. (1993) Assessment of defects at high temperatures, the R5 procedures, in Behaviour of Defects at High Temperatures, ESIS 15 (eds R.A. Ainsworth and R.P. Skelton ), Mechanical Engineering Publications, London, pp. 453–465.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Webster, G.A., Ainsworth, R.A. (1994). Creep—fatigue crack growth. In: High Temperature Component Life Assessment. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1771-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1771-7_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4012-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1771-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive