Abstract
Industrial scale immobilization of cells via entrapment within ionic or thermal gelling polymer systems, or via microencapsulation within semi-permeable membranes, necessitates the use of emulsification/dispersion steps to generate small and often micron-sized droplets, on a large scale. Individual droplets within the emulsion contain the biocatalyst, and lead to the final gelled microsphere or membrane-coated microcapsule. Widely used laboratory techniques involve the formulation of droplets and thus beads via individual droplet extrusion technologies, which are well suited to the small scale formulation of monodisperse beads and capsules, often in a millimetre size range. These techniques are poorly suited to very large scale formulation, particularly when droplets or microbeads are preferred, with diameters often extending to well under 500 μm [1]. Smaller diameter preparations are often desired to improve mass transfer characteristics, but droplet extrusion techniques become increasingly limited in productivity with decreasing bead size, particularly when using viscous polymer solutions.
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Neufeld, R.J., Poncelet, D. (2004). Industrial Scale Encapsulation of Cells Using Emulsification/Dispersion Technologies. In: Nedović, V., Willaert, R. (eds) Fundamentals of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology. Focus on Biotechnology, vol 8A. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1638-3_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1638-3_17
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