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Rubbers

  • Chapter
Fracture Behaviour of Polymers

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Abstract

Rubbers consist of long flexible chain-like molecules which are interconnected at various points by cross-links to form a loose molecular network. At temperatures above the glass transition temperature each elementary network chain undergoes rapid Brownian motion among a large number of possible conformations by rotation about single valence bonds in the chain backbone. Upon being stressed the chains are forced to assume conformations which are less probable than those in the undeformed material. Thus energy is stored and retractive forces are exerted primarily because of this decrease in conformational entropy, rather than from an increase in internal energy. The above features account for the characteristic property of rubbers which is their ability to undergo large deformations and, when the stress is released, return to their original shape. Treloar’s book1 provides an excellent source for the experimental and theoretical details of rubber elasticity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, Exhibition Road, London, UK

    A. J. Kinloch

  2. Department of Materials, Queen Mary College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK

    R. J. Young

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Kinloch, A.J., Young, R.J. (1995). Rubbers. In: Fracture Behaviour of Polymers. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1594-2_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1594-2_10

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