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Retention versus export food chains: processes controlling sinking loss from marine pelagic systems

  • Chapter
Eutrophication in Planktonic Ecosystems: Food Web Dynamics and Elemental Cycling

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 127))

Abstract

The role of export and retention food chains for pelagic-benthic coupling is considered by evaluating different food chain scenarios and processes such as aggregation, grazing and zooplankton-mediated fluxes. The consequences of grazing of primary production by different zooplankton for the vertical export of particulate organic matter from the euphotic zone are discussed. Reference is made to existing data and algorithms regarding primary production and vertical export of carbon from the euphotic zone, both on annual and daily time scales. Examples regarding the role of nutrient addition, removal of pelagic carnivores and zooplankton grazing for vertical flux are presented. It is speculated how variable grazing impact of micro- and mesozooplankton, as well as herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous feeding strategies of mesozooplankton could compete with aggregation during phytoplankton blooms and influence export fluxes. It is concluded that the transport of particulate organic matter to depth not only depends on bottom-up regulation as determined by physical forcing, but also on the structure and function of the prevailing planktonic food web. Scenarios are presented which indicate that top-down regulation plays a pivotal role for the regulation of vertical flux. This conclusion may have crucial consequences for future biogeochemical programmes investigating pelagic-benthic coupling in the ocean. The endeavours of many research programmes are dominated by lines of thought where straightforward biogeochemistry and bottom-up regulation is the focus. Phyto- and zooplankton as well as process-oriented research activities have to be the focal point of future research if the current comprehension of export from and retention in the upper layers is going to make distinct progress.

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  1. Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway

    Paul Wassmann

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    Timo Tamminen

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Wassmann, P. (1998). Retention versus export food chains: processes controlling sinking loss from marine pelagic systems. In: Tamminen, T., Kuosa, H. (eds) Eutrophication in Planktonic Ecosystems: Food Web Dynamics and Elemental Cycling. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 127. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1493-8_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1493-8_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5041-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1493-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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