Abstract
The vertical distributions of bacteria, picoalgae, protozoan and metazoan zooplankton, and phytoplankton in the highly eutrophie Lake Köyliönjärvi (SW Finland) were studied monthly during the period of ice-cover in January-April 1996. For comparison, we also provide some data on the distributions of the plankton during the summer. The whole water column remained oxic during the ice-covered period, although the near-bottom oxygen concentrations were always very low. The heterotrophic nanoflagellates were more abundant in winter than in summer, but ciliates, picoalgae and bacteria were more numerous in summer. In general both zooplankton and phytoplankton had low biomass during the ice-covered period. However, the biomass of the diatom Aulacoseira islandica ssp. islandica was high under the ice in April. The calanoid copepod Eudiaptomus graciloides was the dominant zooplankton species from January to March, but had almost disappeared by the beginning of April and did not increase again until in June. The dominant rotifer species in winter were Keratella cochlearis, Filinia terminalis, and Filinia longiseta in the surface water and Rotaria neptunia near the bottom.
Key words
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agbeti, M. D. & J. P. Smol, 1995. Winter limnology: a comparison of physical, chemical and biological characteristics in two temperate lakes during ice cover. Hydrobiologia 304: 221–234.
Arvola, L. & P. Kankaala, 1989. Winter and spring variability in phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in lakes with different water colour. Aqua Fenn. 19: 29–39.
Bolsenga, S. J. & H. A. Vanderploeg, 1992. Estimating photosynthetically available radiation into open and ice-covered freshwater lakes from surface characteristics; a high transmittance case study. Hydrobiologia 243/244: 95–104.
Brett, M. T., K. Wiackowski, F. S. Lubnow, A. Muellersolger, J. J. Elser & C. R. Goldman, 1994. Species-dependent effects of zooplankton on planktonic ecosystem processes in Castle Lake, California, Ecology 75: 2243–2254.
Burns, C. W. & M. Schallenberg, 1996. Relative impacts of copepods, cladocerans and nutrients on the microbial food web of a mesotrophic lake. J. Plankton. Res. 18: 683–714.
Christoffersen, K. 1994. Variations of feeding activities of heterotrophic nanoflagellates on picoplankton. Marine Microbial Food Webs 8: 111–123.
Cleve-Euler, A., 1951. Die Diatomeen von Schweden and Finnland. Kungliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Handlingama 2/1. Bibliotheca Phycologica 5: 1–162.
Cloern, J. E., A. E. Alpine, B. E. Cole & T. Heller, 1992. Seasonal changes in the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in small, temperate-zone lakes. J. Plankton Res. 14: 1017–1024.
Granberg, L., 1970. Seasonal fluctuations in numbers and biomass of the plankton of Lake Pääjärvi, southern Finland. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 7: 1–24.
Hakkari, L., 1969. Zooplankton studies in the Lake Längelmävesi, south Finland. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 6: 313–326.
Hirvonen & Salonen, 1995. The first stage in restoring Lake Köyliönjärvi by fish removal. Vesitalous 36: 11–14.
Hirvonen, A., H. Helminen, V. Saarikari, S. Salonen, K. Vuorio & J. Sarvala, 1993. Effects of cyprinid reduction on water quality in Lake Köyliönjärvi, SW Finland. 5th International Conference on the Conservation and Management of Lakes ‘Strategies for Lake Ecosystems beyond 2000’, Proceedings 17–21 May, 1993 Stresa, Italy: 113–116.
James, M. R., C. W. Burns & D. J. Forsyth, 1995. Pelagic ciliated protozoa in two monomictic, southern temperate lakes of contrasting trophic state: seasonal distribution and abundance. J. Plankton Res. 17: 1479–1500.
Kivi, K., 1986. Annual succession of pelagic protozoans and rotifers in the Tvärminne Storfjärden, SW coast of Finland. Ophelia 4: 101–110.
Latja, R. & K. Salonen, 1978. Carbon analysis for the determination of individual biomasses of planktonic animals. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 20: 2556–2560.
Laybourn-Parry, J., J. Olver & S. Rees, 1990. The hypolimnetic protozoan plankton of a eutrophic lake. Hydrobiologia 203: 111–119.
MacIsaac, E. A. & J. G. Stockner, 1993. Enumeration of Phototrophic Picoplankton by Autofluorescense Microscopy. In P. F. Kemp, B. F. Sherr, E. B. Sherr & J. J. Cole (eds), Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology. Lewis Publisher, Boca Raton.
Maeda, O. & S. Ichimura, 1973. On the high density of a phytoplankton population found in a lake under ice. Int. Rev. Ges. Hydrobiol. 58: 473–485.
Müller, H, & W. G. Geller, 1993. Maximum growth rates of aquatic ciliated protozoa: the dependence on body size and temperature reconsidered. Arch. Hydrobiol. 126: 126–327.
Papinska, K., 1981. Occurrence of filtering Crustacea in the near-bottom and pelagic waters of the Mikolajskie Lake. Hydrobiologia 83: 411–418.
Pennak, R. W., 1968. Field and experimental winter limnology of three Colorado mountain lakes. Ecology 49: 505–520.
Porter, K. G. & Y. S. Feig, 1980. The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25: 943–948.
Putt, M. & D. K. Stoecker, 1989. An experimentally determined carbon-volume ratio for marine oligotrichous ciliates from estuarine and coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34: 1097.
Salonen, K., 1981. Determination of carbon–an alternative method for the estimation of biomass of zooplankton. Lammi Notes 5: 7–11.
Sarvala, J., H. Helminen, V. Saarikari, S. Salonen & K. Vuorio, 1998. Relations between planktivorous fish abundance, zooplankton and phytoplankton in three lakes of differing productivity, Hydrobiologia 363: 81–95.
Sherr, E. B. & B. F. Sherr, 1993. Preservation and storage of samples for enumeration of heterotrophic protists. In P. F. Kemp, B. F. Sherr, E. B. Sherr & J. J. Cole (eds), Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton: 207–213
Sommaruga, R. & R. Psenner, 1995. Trophic interactions within the microbial food web in Piburger See (Austria). Arch. Hydrobiol. 132: 257–278.
Sommer, U., Z. M. Gliwicz, W. Lampert & A. Duncan, 1986. The PEG-model of seasonal succession of planktonnic events in freshwaters. Arch. Hydrobiol. 106: 433–471.
Sterligova, O. P., 1979. Koryushka Osmerus eperlanus (L.) i ee roI v ikhtiofaune Syamozera. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 19: 793–800 (in Russian).
Tulonen, T., 1993. Bacterial production in a mesohumic lake estimated from (14C) leucine incorporation rate. Microbiol. Ecol. 26: 201–217.
Vanderploeg, H. A., S. J. Bolsenga, G. L. Fahnenstiel, J. R. Liebig & W. S. Gardner, 1992. Plankton ecology in an ice-covered bay of Lake Michigan: utilization of a winter phytoplankton bloom by reproducing copepods. Hydrobiologia 243/244: 175–183.
Wiackowski, K., M. T. Brett & C. R. Goldman, 1994. Differential Effects of Zooplankton Species on Ciliate Community Structure. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39: 486–492.
Willén, T., 1962. Studies on the phytoplankton of some lakes connected with or recently isolated from the Baltic. Oikos 13: 169–199.
Wright, R. T., 1964. Dynamics of a phytoplankton community in an ice-covered lake. Limnol. Oceanogr. IX: 163–178.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ventelä, AM., Saarikari, V., Vuorio, K. (1998). Vertical and seasonal distributions of micro-organisms, zooplankton and phytoplankton in a eutrophic lake. In: Tamminen, T., Kuosa, H. (eds) Eutrophication in Planktonic Ecosystems: Food Web Dynamics and Elemental Cycling. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 127. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1493-8_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1493-8_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5041-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1493-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive