Abstract
The goal of a drinking water distribution system is to deliver sufficient quantities of water where and when it is needed at an acceptable level of quality. Although it is commonly thought that all water quality transformations end after water leaves the treatment works, in reality further changes in quality can occur as water travels through a distribution system. Indeed, the pipes and storage facilities of a distribution system constitute a complex network of uncontrolled chemical and biological reactors which can produce significant variations in water quality in both space and time. In the past, distribution systems were designed and operated mainly on the basis of hydraulic reliability and economics with little attention paid to water quality concerns, except when problems arose. This attitude is changing as more water suppliers realize the important influence that time spent in a distribution system can have on water quality.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aral, M.M., Maslia, M. L., Ulirsch, G.V., and Reyes, J.J. (1996). “Estimating exposure to volatile organic compounds from municipal water-supply systems: Use of a better computational model ”, Archives of Environmental Health, 51, 300–309.
Boulos, P.F. and Altman, T. (1993). “Explicit calculation of water quality parameters in pipe distribution systems”, Civil Eng. Syst., 10, 187–206.
Boulos, P.F., Altman, T., Jarrige, P.A., and Collevati, F. (1995). “Discrete simulation approach for network water quality models”, J. Water Resour. Ping. and Mgmt., ASCE, 121, 49–60.
Clark, R.M., Geldreich, E.E., Fox, K.R., Rice, E.W., Johnson, C.H., Goodrich, J.A., and Bamick, J.A. (1996). “Tracking a Salmonella serovar typhimurium outbreak in Gideon, Missouri: role of contaminant propagation modelling”, J. Water SRT–Aqua, 45, 171–183.
Islam, M.R., Chaudhry, M.H., and Clark, R.M. (1997). “Inverse modeling of chlorine concentration in pipe networks under dynamic condition”, J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 123, 1033–1040.
Liou, C.P. and Kroon, J.R. (1987). “Modeling the propagation of waterborne substances in distribution networks”, J. AWWA, 79 (11), 54–58.
Males, R.M., Clark, R.M., Wehrman, P.J., and Gates, W.E. (1985). “Algorithm for mixing problems in water systems”, J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 111, 206–219.
Rossman, L.A., Boulos, P.F., and Altman, T. (1993). “Discrete volume-element method for network water-quality models”, J. Water Resour. Ping. and Mgmt., ASCE, 119, 505–517.
Rossman, L.A. (1994). EPANET - Users Manual, EPA-600/R-94/057, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engrg. Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Rossman, L.A., Clark, R.M., and Grayman, W.M. (1994). “Modeling chlorine residuals in drinking-water distribution systems”, J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 120, 803–820.
Rossman, L.A. and Boulos, P.F. (1996). “Numerical methods for modeling water quality in distribution systems: A comparison”, J. Water Resour. Ping. and Mgmt., ASCE, 122, 137–146.
Servais, P., Laurent, P., Billen, G., and Gatel, D. (1995). “Development of a model of BDOC and bacterial biomass fluctuations in distribution systems”, Rev. Sci. Eau, 8, 427–462.
Smith, G.D. (1978). Numerical solution of partial differential equations: Finite difference methods, 2nd. Ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
Vasconcelos, J.J., et al. (1996). Characterization and modeling of chlorine decay in distribution systems, AWWA, Denver, Colorado.
Vasconcelos, J.J., Rossman, L.A., Grayman, W.M., Boulos, P.F., and Clark, R.M. (1997). “Kinetics of chlorine decay”, J. AWWA, 89 (7), 54–65.
Weiss, M.A. (1993). Data structures and algorithm analysis in C,Benjamin/Cummings Publishing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rossman, L.A. (1999). Modeling Water Quality in Distribution Systems. In: Cabrera, E., García-Serra, J. (eds) Drought Management Planning in Water Supply Systems. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1297-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1297-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5119-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1297-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive