Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Geosiphon pyriformis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

  • Chapter
Diversity and Integration in Mycorrhizas

Part of the book series: Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences ((DPSS,volume 94))

Abstract

Geosiphon pyriformis (Kütz.) v. Wettstein is the only known example of a fungus living in endocytobiotic association with a cyanobacterium. The close phylogenetic relationship of Geosiphon with some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the phylogenetic position of Geosiphon are shown in detail. Comprehensive small subunit (SSU) rRNA sequence analyses allow the erection of a new, molecular phylogeny-based taxonomic system for the AMF, including Geosiphon (Geosiphonaceae). Within the recently described phylum Glomeromycota (with one class, Glomeromycetes), a system including four orders was proposed. The erection of several new families will also be necessary. Evolutionary implications are discussed, referring to different possibilities of the influence of AMF on the colonization of the terrestrial habitat by plants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Benjamin R K 1979 Zygomycetes and their spores. In The Whole Fungus Vol 2. Ed. B Kendrick. pp 573–622. National Museum of Natural Sciences and National Museum of Canada, Ottawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benny G L. Humber R A and Morton J B 2001 Zygomycota: Zygomycetes. In The Mycota VII part A. Eds. McLaughlin, Mc Laughlin. Lemke. pp 113–146. Springer, Berlin. Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavalier-Smith T 1998 A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biol. Rev. 73, 203–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciferri R and Tomaselli R (1957) Prospetto di une sistematica microlichenologica. ATTI Series 5, Vol. XIV (1–3), pp 247262. Istituto Botanico della Universitü Laboratorio Crittogamico Pavia, Pavia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drude O and Schorler B 1916 Beiträge zur Flora Saxonica — III. Uber eine merkwürdige Alge Sachsens IGeosiphon pvrifnnnis (Ktz.) F. v. Wettst.j. Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft ISIS e.V., Dresden. pp 58–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engler A and Gilg E 1924 Geosiphonaceae (Siphonales). Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, p. 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao L L, Delp G and Smith S E 2001 Colonization patterns in a mycorrhiza-defective mutant tomato vary with different arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. 151, 477–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gehrig H, Schüßler A and Kluge M, 1996 Geosiphon p riformis, a fungus forming endocytobiosis with Nostoc (Cyanobacteria), is an ancestral member of the Glomerales: evidence by SSU rRNA analysis. J. Mol. Evol. 43, 71–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawksworth D and Honegger R 1994 The lichen thallus: a symbiotic phenotype of nutritionally specialized fungi and its response to gall producers. In Plant Galls — Organisms, Interactions, Populations. Ed. M A J Williams. pp 77–98. The Systematics Association Special Volume No. 49, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckman D S, Geiser D M. Eidell B R, Stauffer R L, Kar-dos N L and Hedges S B 2001 Molecular evidence for the early colonization of land by fungi and plants. Science 293, 1129–1133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knapp E 1933 Über Geosiphon pyriforrni.s Fr. v. Wettst., eine intrazelluläre Pilz-Algen-Symbiose. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 51, 210–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ktitzing F T 1849 Botrydium pvriformis. In Species algarum. Ed. F A Brockhaus. p 486. Lipsiae, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramadibrata K, Walker C, Schwarzott D and Schüßler A 2000 A new species of Scutellospora with a coiled germination shield. Ann. Bot. 86, 21–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutzoni F, Pagel M and Reeb V 2001 Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors. Nature 411, 937–940.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malloch D W, Pirozynski K A and Raven P H 1980 Ecological and evolutionary significance of mycorrhizal symbiosis in vascular plants (a review). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 2113–21 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattick F (1954) XIII. Abteilung: Lichenes. Flechten. In A. Engler’s Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien — I. Allgemeiner Teil Bakterien bis Gymnospermen. Eds. H Melchior and E Werdermann. pp 204–218. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mollenhauer D 1992 Geosiphon pyriformi.s. In Algae and Symbiosis: Plants, Animals, Fungi, Viruses, Interactions Explored. Ed. W Reisser. pp 339–351 Biopress, Bristol. Morton J B 2000 Evolution of endophytism in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Glomerales. In Microbial Endophytes. Eds. C W Bacon and J H White. pp 121–140. Marcel Dekker, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton J B and Benny G I, 1990 Revised classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Zygomycetes): a new order, Glomerales, two new suborders, Glomineae and Gigasporineae, and two new families, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae, with an emendation of Glomeraceae. Mycotaxon 37, 471–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton J B and Redecker D 2001 Two new families of Glomerales, Archaeosporaceae and ParaGlomeraceae, with two new genera Archaeo.spora and Paraglonnts, based on concordant molecular and morphological characters. Mycologia 93, 181–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell K, Lutzoni F M, Ward T J and Benny G I. 2001 Evolutionary relationships among mucoralean fungi ( Zygomycota ): Evidence for family polyphyly on a large scale. Mycologia 93, 286–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirozynski K A and Malloch D W 1975 The origin of land plants: a matter of mycotrophism. BioSystems 6, 153–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redecker D. Kodner R and Graham I. E 2000a Glomalean fungi from the Ordovician. Science 289. 1920–1921.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redecker D, Morton J B and Bruns T D 200011 Ancestral lineages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 14,276— 284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remy W. Taylor T N, Hass H and Kerp H 1994 Four hundredmillion-year-old vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 11841–1 1843.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawaki H, Sugawara K and Saito M 1998 Phylogenetic position of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Acaulospora gerdemannii, and its synanarnorph Glomus leptotichmn, based upon 18S rRNA gene sequence. Mycoscience 39, 477–480.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawaki H. Kojima T, Shinozaki N and Saito M 2001 Diversity of deeply branched arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Arc/mew - porn spp., and their detection with PCR. Abstract of the Third International Conference on Mycorrhizas 8–13 July 2001, Adelaide, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnepf F 1964 Zur Feinstruktur von Geosiphon pvriJbrmis. Arch. Mikrobiol. 49, 112–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schüßler A 1999 Glomerales SSU rRNA gene diversity. New Phytol. 144, 205–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schüßler A 2000 Glomus claroideum forms an arbuscular mycorrhiza-like symbiosis with the hornwort Ant/we/vs punctatus. Mycorrhiza 10,15–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiißler A and Kluge M 2001 Geosiphon pvriformi.s, an endocytosymbiosis between fungus and Cyanobacteria. and its meaning as a model system for arbuscular mycorrhizal research. In The Mycota IX. Ed. B Hock. pp 151–161. Springer, Berlin. Heidelberg, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüßler A. Mollenhauer D, Schnepf E and Kluge M 1994 Geo.siphon pvriformis, an endosymbiotic association of fungus and Cyanobacteria: the spore structure resembles that of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Bot. Acta 107, 36–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiißler A, Bonfante P, Schnepf E, Mollenhauer D and Kluge M 1996 Characterization of the Geosiphon pyriformis symbiosome by affinity techniques: confocal laser scanning microscopy ( CLSM) and electron microscopy. Protoplasrna 190, 53–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüßler A, Gehrig H, Schwarzott D and Walker C 2001a Analysis of partial Glomerales SSU rRNA genes: implications for primer design and phylogeny. Mycol. Res. 105, 5–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüßler A, Schwarzott D and Walker C 2001h A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromvcota: phylogeny and evolution. Mycol. Res., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzott D, Walker C and Schüßler A 2001 Glonnr.s, the largest genus of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomerales), is nonmonophyletic. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., in press

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon L, Bousquet J, Lévesque R C and Lalonde M 1993 Origin and diversification of endomycorrhizal fungi and coincidence with vascular land plants. Nature 363, 67–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith S E and Read D J 1997 Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 2nd edn. Academic Press, London, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stubblefield S P, Taylor T N and Trappe J M 1987 Fossil mycorrhizae: a case for symbiosis. Science 237. 59–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Wettstein F 1915 Geosiphon Fr. v. Wettst.. eine neue, interessante Siphonee. Osten. Bot. Z. 65,145–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker C 1992 Systematics and taxonomy of the arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi (Glomerales) — a possible way forward. Agronomie 12, 887–897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Botanik, FB10, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Arthur Schüßler

Authors
  1. Arthur Schüßler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil and Water and the Centre for Plant Root Symbioses, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, 5064, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia

    Sally E. Smith  & F. Andrew Smith  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schüßler, A. (2002). Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Geosiphon pyriformis and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In: Smith, S.E., Smith, F.A. (eds) Diversity and Integration in Mycorrhizas. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 94. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1284-2_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1284-2_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5933-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1284-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation