Abstract
Energetic particles associated with Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) are observed throughout the inner and middle heliosphere, showing large positive (>100%/AU) radial intensity gradients. Their appearance at 1 AU is associated with the appearance of fast, recurrent solar wind streams. At several AU, CIR energetic particles are accelerated at shocks which propagate away from the interface of fast and slow solar wind streams. CIR energy spectra at 1 AU cover the range > 35 keV to several MeV/amu; the spectra steepen above ~1 MeV/amu, and show no turnover even at the lowest energies. The ion composition of CIRs is similar to solar material, but with significant differences that might be due to properties of the seed population and/or the acceleration process. This paper summarizes properties of energetic particles in CIRs as known through the early 1990s, prior to the launch of the Ulysses, and WIND spacecraft, whose new results are presented in Kunow, Lee et al. (1999) in this volume.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anders, E., and Grevesse, N.: 1989, ‘Abundances of the Elements: Meteoritic and Solar’, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 197–214.
Anderson, K. A.: 1969, ‘Electrons and Protons in Long-Lived Streams of Energetic Solar Particles’, Sol. Phys. 6, 111.
Barnes, C. W., and Simpson, J. A.: 1976, ‘Evidence for Interplanetary Acceleration of Nucleons in Corotating Interaction Regions’, Astrophys. J. 210, L91–L96.
Bryant, D. A., Cline, T. L., Desai, U. D., and McDonald, F. B.: 1965, ‘Continual Acceleration of Solar Protons in the MeV Range’, Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 481.
Burlaga, L. F.: 1974, ‘Interplanetary Streams and Their Interaction with the Earth’, Space Sci. Rev. 17, 327.
Cane, H. V., Reames, D. V., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1991, ‘Solar Particle Abundances at Energies of Greater than I MeV per Nucleon and the Role of Interplanetary Shocks’, Astrophys. J. 373, 675–682.
Christon, S. P., and Simpson, J. A.: 1979, ‘Separation of Corotating Nucleon Fluxes from Solar Flare Fluxes by Radial Gradients and Nuclear Composition’, Astrophys. J. 227, L49 — L53.
Fan, C. Y., Gloeckler, G., and Simpson, J. A.: 1965, ‘Protons and Helium Nuclei within Interplanetary Magnetic Regions which Corotate with the Sun’, Proc. 9 th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. (London) 1, 109.
Fan, C. Y., Pick, M., Pyle, R., Simpson, J. A., and Smith, D. R.: 1968, ‘Protons Associated with Centers of Solar Activity and Their Propagation in Interplanetary Magnetic Field Regions Corotating with the Sun’, J. Geophys. Res. 73, 1, 555.
Fisk, L. A., and Lee, M. A.: 1980, ‘Shock Acceleration of Energetic Particles in Corotating Interaction Regions in the Solar Wind’, Astrophys. J. 237, 620–626.
Gloeckler, G., Hovestadt, D., and Fisk, L. A.: 1979, ‘Observed Distribution Functions of H, He, C, O, and Fe in Corotating Energetic Particle Streams: Implications for Interplanetary Acceleration and Propagation’, Astrophys. J. 230, L191—LI95.
Gloeckler, G., and Geiss, J.: 1989, ‘The Abundances of Elements and Isotopes in the Solar Wind’, Cosmic Abundances of Matter 183, 49.
Gosling, J. T., and Pizzo, V. J.: 1999, ‘Formation and Evolution of Corotating Interaction Regions and their Three-Dimensional Structure’, Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 21–52.
Gosling, J. T., Hundhausen, A. J., and Bame, S. J.: 1976, ‘Solar Wind Stream Evolution at Large Heliocentric Distances: Experimental Determination of the Test of a Model’, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 2,111–2,122.
Hamilton, D. C., Gloeckler, G., Armstrong, T. P., Axford, W. I., Bostrom, C. O., Fan, C. Y., Krimigis, S. M., and Lanzerotti, L. J.: 1979, ‘Recurrent Energetic Particle Events Associated with Forward/Reverse Shock Pairs near 4 AU in 1978’, Proc. 16 th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Kyoto) 5, 363.
Hundhausen, A. J.: 1972, Coronal Expansion and Solar Wind, Springer, New York.
Krimigis, S. M., Roelof, E. C., Armstrong, T. P., and Van Allen, J. A.: 1971, ‘Low-Energy (0.3 MeV) Solar Particle Observations at Widely Separated Points (0.1 AU)’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5921.
Kunow, H., Wibberenz, G., Green, G., Miiller-Mellin, M., Witte, M., Hempe, H., Mewaldt, R., Stone, E., and Vogt, R.: 1977, ‘Simultaneous Observations of Cosmic Ray Particles in Corotating Interplanetary Structures at Different Solar Distances between 0.3 and I AU’, Proc. 15 th Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Plovdiv) 3, 227–232.
Kunow, H., Wibberenz, G., Green, G., Müller-Mellin, R., and Kallenrode, M.-B.: 1990, ‘Energetic Particles in the Inner Solar System’, in R. Schwenn and E. Marsch (eds.), Physics of the Inner Heliosphere, Springer, Berlin, pp. 243–342.
Kunow, H., Lee, M. A., Fisk, L. A., Forsyth, R. J., Gosling, J. T., Heber, B., Horbury, T. S., Kóta, J., McKibben, R. B., Paizis, C., Potgieter, M. S., Roelof, E. C., Sanderson, T. R., Simnett, G. M., von Steiger, R., Tsurutani, B., and Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.: 1999, ‘Corotating Interaction Regions at High Latitudes’, Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 221–268.
Marshall, F. E., and Stone, E. C.: 1978, ‘Characteristics of Sunward Flowing Proton and Alpha Particle Fluxes of Moderate Intensity’, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 3,289–3,298.
Mason, G. M., von Steiger, R., Decker, R. B., Desai, M. I., Dwyer, J. R., Fisk, L. A., Gloeckler, G., Gosling, J. T., Hilchenbach, M., Kallenbach, R., Keppler, E., Klecker, B., Kunow, H., Mann, G., Sanderson, T. R., Simnett, G. M., Wang, Y.-M., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Fränz, M., Mazur, J. E., and Richardson, I. G.: 1999, ‘Origin, Injection, and Acceleration of CIR Particles: Observations’, Space Sci. Rev., this volume, 327–367.
Mazur, J. E., Mason, G. M., Klecker, B., and McGuire, R. E.: 1993, ‘The Abundances of Hydrogen, Helium, Oxygen, and Iron Accelerated in Large Solar Particle Events’, Astrophys. J. 404, 810817.
McDonald, F. B., and Desai, U. D.: 1971, ‘Recurrent Solar Cosmic Ray Events and Solar M Regions’, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 808.
McDonald, F. B., Teegarden, B. J., Trainor, J. H., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Webber, W. R.: 1976, ‘The Interplanetary Acceleration of Energetic Nucleons’, Astrophys. J. 203, L149 - L154.
McGuire, R. E., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and McDonald, F. B.: 1978, ‘The Composition of Corotating Energetic Particle Streams’, Astrophys. J. 224, L87 - L91.
Mewaldt, R. A., Stone, E. C., and Vogt, R. E.: 1978, ‘The Radial Diffusion Coefficient of 1.32.3 MeV Protons in Recurrent Proton Streams’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 5, 965–968.
Mewaldt, R. A., Stone, E. C., and Vogt, R. E.: 1979, ‘Characteristics of the Spectra of Protons and Alpha Particles in Recurrent Events at 1 AU’, Geophys. Res. Letters 6, 589–592.
Pesses, M. E., Tsurutani, B. T., Van Allen, J. A., and Smith, E. J.: 1979, ‘Acceleration of Energetic Protons by Interplanetary Shocks’, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 7,297–7,301.
Reames, D. V., Richardson, I. G., and Barbier, L. M.: 1991, ‘On the Differences in Element Abundances of Energetic Ions from Corotating Events and from Large Solar Events’, Astrophys. J. 382, L43 - L46.
Richardson, I. G., and Hynds, R. J.: 1990, ‘Spectra of 35 keV Ions in Corotating Ion Enhancements at 1 AU’, Proc. 21 0 Internat. Cosmic Ray Conf (Adelaide) 5, 337.
Richardson, I. G., Barbier, L. M., Reames, D. V., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1993, ‘Corotating
MeV/amu Ion Enhancements at 1 AU from 1978 to 1986’, J. Geophys. Res. 98, 13–32.
Scholer, M., Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., and Gloeckler, G.: 1979, ‘The Composition of Energetic
Particles in Corotating Events’, Astrophys. J. 227, 323–328.
Smith, E. J., and Wolfe, J. H.: 1976, ‘Observations of Interaction Regions and Corotating Shocks’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 3, 137–140.
Tsurutani, B. T., Smith, E. J., Pyle, K. R., and Simpson, J. A.: 1982, ‘Energetic Protons Accelerated at Corotating Shocks: Pioneer 10 and 11 Observations from 1 to 6 AU.’, J. Geophys. Res. 87, 7,389–7,404.
Van Hollebeke, M.A.I., McDonald, F. B., Trainor, J. H., and von Rosenvinge. T. T.: 1978, ‘The Radial Variation of Corotating Energetic Particle Streams in the Inner and Outer Solar System’, J. Geophys. Res. 83, 4,723–4,731.
Van Hollebeke, M.A.I., McDonald, F. B., Trainor, J. H., and von Rosenvinge, T. T.: 1979, ‘Corotating Energetic Particles and Fast Plasma Streams in the Inner and Outer Solar System in Radial Dependence and Energy Spectra’, Solar Wind Four, 497.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mason, G.M., Sanderson, T.R. (1999). CIR Associated Energetic Particles in the Inner and Middle Heliosphere. In: Balogh, A., Gosling, J.T., Jokipii, J.R., Kallenbach, R., Kunow, H. (eds) Corotating Interaction Regions. Space Sciences Series of ISSI, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1179-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1179-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-5367-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1179-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive