Abstract
Ochratoxin A is a toxic metabolite produced mainly by strains of Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillus ochraceus. P. verrucosum seems to predominate in temperate climates and A. ochraceus in warm ones (Moss, 1996). Ochratoxin A is acutely toxic to birds, mammals and fish and the kidney is its main target organ followed by the liver. Its teratogenic and immunotoxic action have been described by Busby and Wogan (1981) and it has been shown to be a potent carcinogenic to rats (NTP, 1989). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified ochratoxin A in the group 2B of substances that means it is possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC, 1993). Ochratoxin A has been suggested as the causative agent in the endemic human nephropathy affecting villagers in the Balkans (Plestina, 1996). More recently nephropathies have been reported in Algeria and Tunisia, similarly to the case of the Balkans where the toxin was found in bodily fluids and in the food consumed by the population (Crepy et al. 1993). The half-life of ochratoxin A in humans was estimated as 35 days (Schlater et al., 1996). In 1995, the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives evaluated ochratoxin A and established a Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) of 100 ng per kg of body weight (JEFCA, 1995). The toxin carcinogenic activity was not taken into consideration in this evaluation.
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Soares, L.V., Furlani, R.P.Z., Oliveira, P.L.C. (2000). Species Related Differences in Brazilian Green Coffee Contaminated by Ochratoxin A. In: Sera, T., Soccol, C.R., Pandey, A., Roussos, S. (eds) Coffee Biotechnology and Quality. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1068-8_34
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1068-8_34
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