Abstract
Management of coastal zone of Indus Delta is, in fact, the management of its mangroves. Once mangrove forests covered the entire seaboard of the delta region and directly or indirectly influenced its flora and fauna. As late as the early 1980s mangroves grew all along the 240 km long coastline and occupied an area estimated to be 600,000 acres, approximately 40 % of the entire tidal belt (Mirza et al., 1983) and 10 % of the Indus Delta fan (Wells and Coleman, 1984). They were rated as the fifth or sixth largest mangrove forests in the world (Snedaker, 1984) and certainly the largest in arid climate. They grow luxuriantly on islets in the creeks, often creating the islets through sediment trapping (Fig. 1). However, due to extreme tampering of the environment, both upstream and in the delta and overexploitation by man mangroves are disappearing rapidly. The protection and management of the remaining mangroves is therefore of utmost priority, if this coastal resource and its associated ecosystems and biotic diversity are to survive.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahmed, M.F., 1988. Fish of Pakistan; mangrove areas. In: Thompson, M. and Tirmizi, N.M. (eds.) Marine Science of the Arabian Sea. Proc. Internat. Conf. AIBS, Wash., D.C. pp. 429 – 438.
Chaghtai, F. and Saifullah, S.M., 1992. First recorded bloom of Navicula Bory in a mangrove habitat of Karachi. Pak. J. Mar. Sci. 1 (2): 139 – 140.
Ellison, J.C., 1993. Mangrove dieback with rising sea level, Bermuda. Program Abstracts. Asia-Pacific Symposium on Mangrove Ecosystem, 1–3 September, 1993. Hong Kong. Field, C.D., 1992. A mangrove paradox. Mangroves ISME Newletter (5): 2 – 3.
Hamilton, L.S. and Snedaker, S.C., 1984. Handbook of Mangrove Area Management, Honolulu, UNEP, EWC, EPI, Hawai, 123 pp.
Khan, S.A. 1966. Working plan of the coastal zone Forestation Division from 1963–64 to 1982–83, Karachi, 134 pp. W. Pakistan Govt. Press.
Khan, S.A., Kazi, L.I., Ali, A. and Ali, M., 1992. Global warming and itsossible effects along Sonmiani and Gadani, Balochistan coast. In: Proc. 3-day nat. conf. Problems and Resources of Makran Coast and Plan of Action for its Development, 28–30 September, 1992. Pak. Council of Sci. and Technology, Islamabad, pp. 258 – 259.
Mehdi, F. and Saifullah, S.M., 1992. Mangrove fungi of Karachi, Pakistan. J. Islamic Acad. Sci. pp. 24 – 27.
Meynell, P.J., 1993. A case study in sustainable management IUCN's Korangi Ecosystem Project and Working with Coastal Communities. In: Tirmizi, N.M. and Kazmi, Q.B. (eds.). Proc. Nat. Sem Study and Management in Coastal Zones of Pakistan. BCC&T, Karachi University, Karachi, pp. 209 – 217.
Meynell, P.J. and Qureshi, M.T., 1993. Sustainable management of the mangrove ecosystem in the Indus delta. In: Moser, M. and van Vessen,.((eds.). Proc. Internat. Symp. on Wetland and Waterfowl Conservation in South and West Asia. Karachi, 14-20 December, 1991, pp. 122 – 126.
Mian, H.A., 1979. Marine pollution by ships. In: Beg, M.A.A. (ed.). Protection of Marine Environment, Proc. of Nat. Reg. Sem. Protection of Marine Environ. and Related Ecosystem. PCSIR, Karachi, pp. 29 – 32.
Milliman, J.D., Quraishee, G.S. and Beg, M.A.A., 1984. Sediment discharge from the Indus river to the Ocean: Past, present and future. In: B.U. Hag, and J.D. Milliman (eds.). Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arabian Sea and Coastal Pakistan. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N.Y. pp. 65 – 70.
Mirza, M.I., Hasan, M.Z., Akhtar, S. and Ali, J., 1983. Identification and area estimation of mangrove vegetation in Indus delta using Landsat data. ESCAP regional workshop on remote sensing applications for vegetation mapping. Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 82 – 92.
Odum, E.P., 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 574 pp.
Poole, D.J., Snedaker, S.C. and Lugo, A.E., 1977. Structure of mangrove forest in Florida,
Puerto Rico, Mexico and Costa Rica. Biotropica 9: 195 - 212.
Qureshi, T., 1993. Rehabilitation and development of Indus delta mangrove forest. In: Tirmizi, N.M. and Kazmi, Q.B. (eds.). Proc. Nat. Sem. Study and Management in Coastal Zones of Pakitan, BCC&T, Karachi University, Karachi, pp. 193 – 207.
Rizvi, S.H.N., Saleem, M. and Baguer, J., 1988. Steel mill effluents: Influence on the Bakran creek environment. In: Thompson, M.F. and Tirmizi, N.M. (eds.). Marine Science of the Arabian Sea. AIBS, Wash. D.C. pp. 549 – 569.
Robertson, A.I., 1993. Recent progress on understanding biogeochemical cycles in mangrove ecosystems. Program Abstracts. Asia-Pacific Symposium on Mangrove Ecosystems, 1-3 September 1993, Hong Kong; K–3.
Saifullah, S.M., 1982. Mangrove ecosystem of Pakistan. In: The Third Research on Mangroves in Middle East, Japan Cooperation Center for Middle East. Publication No. 137, Tokyo, pp. 69–80.
Saifullah, S.M., 1984. Utilization of mangrove foliage for grazing, stall feeding, and as a feed supplement. In: Hamilton, L.S. and Snedaker, S.C. (eds.). Handbook of Mangrove Area Management, Honolulu, UNEP and EWC, EPI, Hawaii. pp. 38 – 41.
Saifullah, S.M., 1985. Ecology of mangroves. In: Proc. National Workshop on Mangroves of Pakistan, 8–10 August 1983, Karachi. Pak. Agric. Res. Council, Islamabad, pp. 29 – 32.
Saifullah, S.M., 1991. Management of mangroves in Pakistan; Souvenir, Nat. Seminar in Study and Management in Coastal zones in Pakistan, Mar. Ref. Collection Center and UNESCO. September 23-26,1991, Karachi. pp. 7 – 9.
Saifullah, S.M., 1992. Future prospects of mangroves in development of Makran coast. In: Proc. Nat. Conf. Problems and pResources Makran Coast and Plan of Action for its Development, 28-30 September, 1991, Quetta, pp. 63 – 88.
Saifullah, S.M., 1993. The neglected mangroves of Balochistan. Wildlife and Management 2 (1): 12 – 13.
Saifullah, S.M. and Chaghtai, F., 1993. Marine benthic diatoms in mangrove habitat of Sandspit, Karachi. Proc. Nat. Sem. on Study and Management in Coastal Zones in Pakistan, 23-26, 9. 91, BCC & T, Univ. Karachi, pp. 239 – 247.
Saifullah, S.M. and Elahi, E., 1992. Pneumatophore density and size in mangroves of Karachi. Pak. J. Bot. 24 (1): 5 – 10.
Saifullah, S.M. and Nizamuddin, M., 1977. Studies on the marine algae from Pakistan: Ulvales. Botanica Marine XX: 521 – 536.
Saifullah, S.M. and Shams, S. 1992. Phytosociological survey of mangroves of Korangi creek area, Karachi. IUCN and Karachi University Report, 48 pp.
Saifullah, S.M., Shaukat, J.S. and Shams, S., 1994. Population structure and dispersion pattern in mangroves of Karachi, Pakistan. Aquatic Botany 47: 329–340.
Snedaker, S.C., 1984. Mangroves: A summary of knowledge with emphasis on Pakistan. In: B.U. Haq and J.D. Milliman (eds.) Marine Geology and Oceanography of Arabian Sea and Coastal Pakistan. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N.Y. pp. 255 – 262.
Snedaker, S.C., 1988. Aquaculture and mangrove ecosystem productivity in arid and semiarid coastal environments. In: Thompson, M.F. and Tirmizi, N.M. (eds.). Marine Science of the Arabian Sea. AIBS, Wash. D.C. pp. 281 – 292.
Snedaker, S.C., 1989. Mangroves: Productivity, pollution and planning In Figueireda, M.R.C., Chao, N.L. and Kirby-Smith, W. (eds.). Proc. Siuec. November, 1982. Rio Grande, RS, Brazil, V.L. pp. 21 – 27.
Snedaker, S.C., 1993. Mangroves and climate change: Scenarios and hypotheses. Program Abstracts, Asia-Pacific Symposium on Mangrove Ecosystem, 1–3 Sept. 1993, Hong Kong: K-1.
Snedaker, S.C., Meeder, J.F., Ross, M.S. and Ford, R.G., 1994. Discussion of Ellison, J.C. and Stoddart, D.R. 1991. Mangrove ecosystem collapse during predicted sea level rise: Holocene analogues and implication. Coastal Res. 7 (1): 151–165. J. Coastal Res. 10 (2): 497 – 498.
Walsh, G.E., 1974. Mangroves: a review. In: Reimold, RJ. and Queen, W.H. (eds.). Ecology of Halophytes. Acad. Press, N.Y. pp. 51 – 174.
Wells, J.T. and Coleman, J.M., 1984. Deltaic morphology and sedimetology, with especial reference to Indus river delta. In: B.U. Haq and J.D. Milliman, (eds.). Marine Geology and Oceanography of Arabian Sea and Coastal Pakistan. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N.Y. pp. 85 – 100.
Wong, Y.S., Lan, C.Y., Chen, G.Z., Li, S.H., Li, M.S., Chen, X.R and Tam, N.F.Y., 1993. Effect of waste water discharge on nutrient contamination of mangrove soil and plants. Hydrobiologia, 295: 243 – 254.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saifullah, S.M. (1997). Management of the Indus Delta Mangroves. In: Haq, B.U., Haq, S.M., Kullenberg, G., Stel, J.H. (eds) Coastal Zone Management Imperative for Maritime Developing Nations. Coastal Systems and Continental Margins, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1066-4_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1066-4_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4922-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1066-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive