Abstract
Surface chemical reactions are of critical importance to separation processes in water technology. Adsorption reactions accumulate dilute solutes at phase interfaces, and play an important role in modifying interfacial forces and particle stability in solid-liquid separation. Dominant contributions to free energies of adsorption are: 1) chemical coordination bonding, 2) electrical interactions including coulombic forces between charged species, and 3) solvation energies that are particularly important in hydrophobic adsorption. Isotherms provide mathematical models of adsorption reactions at equilibrium, relating the chemical activity of surface species to the activity of solution species. Examples of adsorption reactions in water technology include uptake of ions by synthetic chelating or ion-exchange resins, adsorption of organic compounds on activated carbon, complexation of solute ions by organic polyelectrolytes or mineral surfaces. Adsorption reactions play a central role in modifying the particle-particle interactions controlling colloid stability and the kinetics of particle agglomeration and deposition. Surface processes in water processing provide necessary tools for the development of sustainable technologies constrained by water resource quality.
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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Banwart, S.A. (1994). Surface Processes in Water Technology. In: Bidoglio, G., Stumm, W. (eds) Chemistry of Aquatic Systems: Local and Global Perspectives. EUROCOURSES, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1024-4_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1024-4_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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