Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis of Carbamates and Ureas

  • Chapter
Catalytic Reductive Carbonylation of Organic Nitro Compounds

Part of the book series: Catalysis by Metal Complexes ((CMCO,volume 20))

Abstract

In the previous chapter, we have discussed the catalytic systems leading to the direct synthesis of isocyanates. However, these processes are all plagued by insufficient selectivities, mainly due to self-condensation reactions of the product isocyanates [1].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Tiger, R. P., Sarynina, L. I., and Entelis, S. G. Russ. Chem. Rev. 41 (1972) 774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Nesterov, O. V., Zabrodin, V. B., Chirkov, Yu. N., and Entelis, S. G. Kinet. Katal. 1 (1974) 1341. Engl. Transi. in Kinet. Catal. 15 (1974) 1183.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hazzard, G., Lammiman, S. A., Poon, N. L., Satchell, D. P. N., and Satchell, R. S J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II (1985) 1029.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Korzyuk, É. L. and Zharkov, V. V. Kinet. Katal. 22 (1981) 522. Engl. Trans]. i Kinet. Catal. 22 (1981) 399.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ditskii, G. D., Garkusha-Bozhko, 1. P., and Savelova, V. A. Zh. O,g. Khim. 25 (1989) 938 Chem. Abstr.: 112:35208g.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ibuka, T., Chu, G. N., Aoyagi, T., Kitada, K., Tsukida, T., and Yoneda, F Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33 (1985) 451.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fukuoka, S., Chono, M., and Khono, M. CHEAffECH (1984) 670.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chem. Week March 9 (1977) 43.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Rosenthal, R. and Zajacek, J. G. U. S. US 3,919,278 (1975). Chem. Abstr.: 84:60175e.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Rosenthal, R. and Zajacek, J. G. U. S. US 3,919,279 (1975). Chem. Abstr.: 84:60176f.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rosenthal, R. and Zajacek, J. G. U. S. US 3,919,280 (1975). Chem. Abstr.: 84:60177g.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rosenthal, R. and Zajacek, J. G. U. S. US 3,962,302 (1976). Chem. Abstr.: 85:177053a.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Tsumura, R., Takaki, U., and Takeshi, A. Ger. OJJèn. 2,635,490 (1977). Chem. Abstr. 87: 23929v.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Godfrey, J. J. U. S. US 3,314,754 (1967). Chem. Abstr.: 67:23625e

    Google Scholar 

  15. Findesein, K., Koenig, K., Fauss, R., and Heitkaemper, P. Ger. Offen. 2,943,549 (1981) Chem. Abstr.: 95:80525z.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Heiss, L. Ger. 2, 655, 741 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Shawl, E. T. and Kesling, H. S. Jr. U. S. US 4,871,871 (1989). Chem. Abstr.: 112:138777w.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Grate, J. H. and Hamm, D. R. U. S. US 4,629,804 (1986). Chem. Abstr.: 106:119471b (se also the related abstracts 106:49356s and 106: 3 2090c ).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Grate, J. H., Hamm, D. R., and Valentine, D. H. U. S. US 4, 705, 883 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kelkar, A. A., Kolhe, D. S., Kanagasabapathy, S., and Chaudhari, R. V. Ind. End. Chem. Res 31 (1992) 172.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gupte, S. P. and Chaudhari, R. V. J. Catal. 114 (1988) 246.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Macho, V. and Harustiak, M. J. Mol. Catal. 91 (1994) L155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wellman, P., Dol, G. C., Moonnan, E. R., Kanter, P. C. J., van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M. Fraanje, J., and Goubitz, K. Organonietallics 13 (1994) 4856.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Romano, U. and Fornasari, G. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 66,922 (1982). Chem. Abstr. 98:160454c.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hirai, H. , Miyata, K. , and Aiga, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho 79,145,616 (1979) Chem. Abstr.: 92:146468e.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Penninger, S., Knoefel, H., Hanmren, G., and Heitkaemper, P. GerOffen. DE 3,205,89 (1983). Chem. Abstr.: 100:6108w.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Heitkaemper, P., Koenig, K., Findeisen, K., Fauss, R., and Sundennann, R. Ger. Offen 2,943,551 (1979). Chem. Abstr.: 95:80524y.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Merger, F. and Towae, F. GeiOfjen. 2,917,569 (1980). Chem. Abstr.: 94:121144z.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Benedini, F., Nali, M., Rindone, B., Tollari, S., Cenini, S., La Monica, G., and Porta, F J. Mol. Catal. 34 (1986) 155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Liu, C. -H. and Cheng, C. -H. J. Organomet. Chem. 420 (1991) 119.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Okano, T., Fujiwara, K., Konishi, H., and Kiji, J. Chern. Lett. (1981) 1083.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Gargulak, J. D. and Gladfelter, W. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 (1994)3792.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Zajacek, J. C. and McCoy, J. J. U. S. US 3,993,685 (1976). Chem. Abstr.: 86:89440q.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hirai, Y., Miyata, K., Aiga, M., and Hasegawa, S. Ger. Offen. 2,555,557 (1976) Chem. Abstr.: 85:94114v.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Tumanova, A. R., Pirozhzov,S. D., and Lapidus, A. L. Kim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow) ( 1992 55. Chem. Abstr: 117: 253854j.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 81,118,054 (1981) Chem. Abstr.: 96:6443a.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Murakami, K. and Yamada, R. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02 56,458 [90 56,458] (1990) Chem. Abstr: 113: 23398b.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Yamada, M., Murakami, K., Nishimura, Y., Nakajima, F., and Matsuo, N. Eur. Pat. Appl EP 359,519 (1990). Chem. Abstr.: 113:25940w.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Nishimura, Y., Yamada, R., and Murakami, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02 78,651 [9 78,651] (1990). Chem. Abstr.: 113:40187z.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Nishimura, Y. , Yamada, R. , and Murakami, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02 300,15 [90 300,156] (1990). Chem. Abstr.: 114:206816b.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 81,110,660 (1981) Chem. Abstr.: 96:34919d.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Amerycan Cyanamid Co. Neth. Appl. 6,613,551 (1967). Chem. Abstr.: 68:12726h.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Macho, V. and Hudec, J. Czech. 162,837 (1976). Chem. Abstr.: 85:142876u.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Amerycan Cyanamide Co. Fr. Demande 2,008,365 (1970). Chem. Abstr: 73:66302p.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc. Fr. Demande 2,299,317 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hirai, Y. , Miyata, K. , and Aiga, M. Ger. Offen. 2,603,574 (1976). Chem. Abstr. 85:123648e.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hirai, Y., Miyata, K., and Aiga, M. U. S. US 4, 186, 269 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hirai, Y. , Miyata, K. , and Aiga, M. Japan Kokai 77 17,443 (1977). Chem. Abstr. 87:134455g.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Halligudi, S. B., Bhatt, K. N., Khan, N. H., Kurashy, R. I., and Venkatsubramanian, K Polyhedron 15 (1996) 2093.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57,102,855 [82,102,855 (1982). Chem. Abstr.: 98:34391s.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lapidus, A. L. , Lunin, A. F. , Pirozhkov, S. D. , Leonchik, N. B. , Neitzel, P. , and Svetlik, K Izv. Akad. NaukSSSRSer. Khim. (1981) 1339. Chem. Abstr.: 95:114998y.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Leonchik, N. B. Deposited Doc. (1981) VINITI 575, 542. Chem. Abstr.: 98:198770r.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Kumagai, Y. and Kurachi, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 83,959 [91 83,959] (1991) Chem. Abstr.: 115:159992q.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kumagai, Y. and Kurachi, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 127,768 [91 127,768 (1991). Chem. Abstr. : 115:233091p.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Lapidus, A. L. , Pirozhkov, S. D. , Tumanova, A. R. , Dolidze, A. V. , and Yukhimenko, A. M Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khint. (1991) 1885. Chem. Abstr. : 116:6218n.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Iwata, K. and Kurachi, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,229,149 [90,229,149] (1990) Chem. Abstr. : 114:124924w.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Kurachi, K. and Iwata, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 38,558 [91 38,558] (1991) Chem. Abstr.: 114:228561s.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Becker, R., Grolig, J., and Rasp, C. Ge,Ofen. 2,903,950 (1980). Chem. Abstr. 94: 65125e.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Becker, R. , Rasp, C. , Stanunami, G. , and Grolig, J. Ger. OJJén. 3,009,489 (1981) Chem. Abstr.: 95:168838q.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Mitsubishi Chemicals Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkio Koho JP 80,147,253 (1980) Chem. Abstr.: 94:121145a.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 81,131,557 (1981) Chem. Abstr.: 96:68645b.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Takano, T. and Nagao, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 60,193,958 [85,193,958] (1985) Chem. Abstr.: 104:33901p.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Takano, T. Sugimoto, Y., and Iwata, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 62 29,565 [8 29,565] (1987). Chem. Abstr.: 107:6949r.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Takano, T. and Nagao, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 60,193,959 [85,193,959] (1985) Chem. Abstr.: 104:33902q.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Becker, R., Grolig, J., Rasp, C., and Scharfe, G. Ger. Offen. 2,819,826 (1979) Chem. Abstr.: 92:76150u.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Becker, R., Grolig, J. ,Rasp, C., and Stammann, G. GerOffen. 2,908,252 (1980) Chem. Abstr.: 94:65333w.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 82 32,251 (1982) Chen. Abstr.: 96:217511j.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 82 32,250 (1982) Chem. Abstr.: 97:71952a.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Iwata, K. and Kurachi, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 74,358 [91 74,358] (1991) Chem. Abstr. : 115: 158746a.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57,200,350 [82,200,350] (1982) Chem. Abstr.: 99:38219k.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Niyazov, A. N. , Nefedov, B. K. , Khoshdurdyev, Kh. O. , and Manov-Yuvenskii, V. I Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 258 (1981) 898. Chem. Abstr.: 95:114998y.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Nefedov, B. K. , Khoshdurdyev, Kh. O. , and Manov-Yuvenskii, V. I. Zh. Prikl. Khim (Leningrad) 56 (1983) 458. Chem. Abstr.: 99:530611.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Nefedov, B. K., Manov-Yuvenskii, V. I., Semikolenov, V. A., Likholobov, V. A., an Ermakov, Yu. 1. Kinet. Katal. 23 (1982) 1001. Engl Transi. in Kinet. Catal. 23 (1981) 851.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Choudhari, B. M., Koteswara Rao, K., Pirozhkov, S. D., and Lapidus, A. L. J. Mo1. Catal 88 (1994) 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Hirai, Y., Miyata, K., Aiga, M., and Hasegawa, S. U. S. US 4, 178, 455 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Miyata, K. , Soga, M. , and Hasegawa, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 79 24,852 (1979) Chem. Abstr.: 90:203736a.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57,185,253 [82,185,253] (1982) Chem. Abstr.: 98:178991k.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Hirai, H. , Miyata, K. , Soga, M. , and Hasegawa, S. Jpn. Kokai 79 24,853 (1979) Chem. Abstr.: 90:203735z.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57,192,352 [82,192,352] (1982) Chem. Abstr.: 98:160458g.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Merger, F. , Platz, R. , and Towae, F. Ger. Offen. 2,910,132 (1980). Chem. Abstr.103042k.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Miyata, K., Hirai, Y., and Yoshida, H. Jpn. Kokai 78 15,338 (1978). Chem. Abstr. 89: 4 2743n.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Miyata, K. , Hirai, Y. , and Yoshida, H. U. S. US 4,134,880 (1979). Chem. Abstr. 90:137537h.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Neth. Appl. 78 00,733 (1979). Chem. Abstr.: 92:58469a.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Tsumura, R. , Miyata, K. , Iwasaki, M. , and Hara, R. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho J 61,191,664 [86,191,664] (1986). Chem. Abstr.: 106:1018861.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kervennal, J. and Cognion, J. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 94,861 (1983). Chem. Abstr. 100: 5 2519d.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Lapidus, A., Pirozhkov, S. D., and Tumanova, A. R. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim (1988) 1190. Chem. Abstr.: 110:7649s.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Fr. Demande 2,295,020 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  88. Hirai, H. , Miyata, M. , and Hasegawa, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 79,128,550 (1979) Chem. Abstr.: 92:146466c.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Onoda, T. , Tano, K. , and Fujii, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 79 22,339 (1979) Chem. Abstr.: 90:203734y.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Onoda, T., Tano, K., and Yamamoto, I. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 79 84,550 (1979) Chem. Abstr.: 91:192855f.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Goodall, B. L. and Terlouw, W. 115: 8331x.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Chem. Abstr.: 96:34918c. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 398,404 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  93. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. (1983). Chem. Abstr.: 100:191601n.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Tsumura, R., Miyata, K., Iwasaki, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 81,110,659 (1981) Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58,222,062 [83,222,062 M., and Hara, R. Chent. Abstr. 61,191,665 [86,191,665] (1986). Chem. Abstr.: 106: 10 1887g.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 82 72,954 (1982) Chem. Abstr.: 97:182002k.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 82 45,148 (1982) Chem. Abstr.: 97:23823n.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59,167,555 [84,167,555 (1984). Chem. Abstr.: 102:24304c

    Google Scholar 

  98. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 80,145,654 (1980) Chem. Abstr.: 94:156586x.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59 20,264 [84 20,264 (1984). Chem. Abstr.: 100:209431u.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Tsumura, R., Miyata, K., Iwasaki, M., and Hara, R. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho J 61,191,666 [86,191,666] (1986). Chem. Abstr.: 106:101888h.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Takagi, U. , Inoue, K. , Ikeda, K. , and Tsumura, R. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 61,260,04 [86,260,049] (1986). Chem. Abstr.: 106:196918e.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Tsumura, R., Miyata, K., Kasuga, T., and Ikeda, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho J 61,191,661 [86,191,661] (1986). Chem. Abstr.: 106:67826z.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Tsumura, R., Miyata, K., Kasuga, T., and Ikeda, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho J 61,191,662 [86,191,662] (1986). Chem. Abstr.: 106:67827a.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Macho, V. Czech. CS 274,021 (1992). Chem. Abstr.: I18:233686y.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Pretzer, W. R. , and Pannell, R. B. U. S. US 4,411,820 (1983). Chem. Abstr.: 51282j.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Murakami, K., Yamada, R., Nishimura, Y., and Matsuo, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 0 95,056 [92 95,056] (1992). Chem. Abstr.: 117:69595z.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Yamada, R. , Murakami, K. , Nishimura, Y. , and Matsuo, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 0 82,869 [92 82,869] (1992). Chem. Abstr. : I17:110926y.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 58 18,352 [83 18,352 (1983). Chem. Abstr.: 99:53399n.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Pope, M. T. and Muller, A. Angew. Chenclnt. Ed. Engl. 30 (1991) 34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Izumi, Y., Satoh, Y., Kondoh, H., and Urabe, K. J. AIol. Catal. 72 (1992) 37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Izumi, Y., Satoh, Y., and Urabe, K. Chem. Lett. (1990) 795.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Izumi, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 93,765 [91 93,765] (1991). Chem. Abstr. 115:182846d.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Lee, J. S., Woo, J. W., Lee, C. W., Hong, K. S., and Yeo, J. K. Korean J. Chem. Eng. (1990) 145. Chem. Abstr.: 114:84243q.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Amadelli, R., Varani, G., Maldotti, A., and Carassiti, V. J. Mol. Catal. 59 (1990) L9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Zhang, F. , Wang, W. , Xu, P. , and Xu, J. Fenzi Cuihua 5 (1991) 372. Chem. Abstr. 116:128307m.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Zhang, F. , Wang, W. , Huang, W. , Long, R. , Xu, P. , and Xu, J. Xiamen Daxue Xuebao Ziran Kexueban 32 (1993) 177. Chem. Abstr.: 121:107754t.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Zhang, F. Earning Zhuanli Shenquing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,058,923 (1992) Chem. Abstr.: 117:150734r.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Okazaki, H. , Ko, H. , Ko, B. , and Hiroyoshi, O. Jpn. Kokay Tokkyo Koho JP 04,154,75 [92,154,753] (1992). Chem. Abstr.: 117:133322n.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Alper, H. and Vasapollo, G. Tetrahedron Lett. 28 (1987) 6411.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Alessio, E. and Mestroni, G. J. Mol. Catal. 26 (1984) 337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Alessio, E. and Mestroni, G. J. Organomet. Chem. 291 (1985) 117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Bontempi, A., Alessio, E., Chanos, G., and Mestroni, G. J. Mol. Catal. 42 (1987) 67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Montedison S. p. A. Jpn. Kokay Tokkyo Koho JP 61 07,246 [86 07,246] (1986) Chem. Abstr.: 105:114759w.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Drent, E. Pure andAppl. Chem. 62 (1990) 661.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Drent, E. and Van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 86,281 (1983) (or U. S. U 4,474,978). Chem. Abstr.: 100:6109x.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Drent, E. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 231,045 (1987). Chem. Abstr.: 109:128605n.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Stapersma, J. and Steenberg, K. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 296,686 (1988). Chem. Abstr. 111:133802v.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Drent, E. EurPat. Appl. EP 250,037 (1987). Chem. Abstr.: 109:6236x.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Drent,E. and Prillwitz, P. E. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 225,673 (1987). Chem. Abstr. 108: 55671y.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Wehman, P., Kaasjager, V. E., de Lange, W. G. J., Hartl, F., Kamer, P. C. J., van Leeuwen P. W. N. M., Fraanje, J., and Goubitz, K. Organometallics 14 (1995) 3751.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Wehman, P. Ph. D. Thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam (1995), Chapter 6.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Wehman, P., Kamer, P. C. J., and van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M. Chem. Commun. (1996) 217.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Wehman, P. Ph. D. Thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam (1995), Chapter 4.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Wehntan, P. Ph. D. Thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam (1995), Chapter 5.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Goodall, B. L. and Terlouw, W. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 319,111 (1989). ChencAbstr. 111:214245t.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Cenini, S., Ragaini, F., Pizzotti, M., Porta, F., Mestroni, G., and Alessio, E. J. Mol. Catal 64 (1991) 179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Leconte, P. and Metz, P. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 330. 591 (1989). Chem. Abstr.: 112:78160c.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Wang, J. , Xu, P. , and Zhang, F. Fenzi Cuihua 4 (1990) 226. Chem. Abstr.: 114:184934j.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Zhang, F. , Wang, W. , Wang, J. , Xu, J. , and Xu, P. Xiamen Daxue Xuebao, Zira Kexueban 30 (1991) 41. Chem. Abstr: 116:138635f.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Dieck, H. A., Laine, R. M., and Heck, R. F. J. Org. Chem. 40 (1975) 2819.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Lee, J. S., Lee, C. W., Lee, S. M., and Park, K. H. J. Mol. Catal. 61 (1990) L15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Oh, J. S., Lee, S. M., Yeo, J. K., Lee, C. W., and Lee, J. S. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 30 ( 1991 1456.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Lee, S. M., Cho, N. S., Kim, K. D., Oh, J. S., Lee, C. W., and Lee, J. S. J. Mol. Catal. 7 (1992) 43.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Kim, K. D. , Lee, S. M. , Cho, N. S. , Oh, J. S. , Lee, C. W. , and Lee, J. S. J. Mol. CataL. 7 (1992)L1.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Lee, C. W., Lee, J. S., Lee, S. M., Kim, K. D., Cho, N. S., and Oh, J. S. J. ZvIoLCatal. 8 (1993) 17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Lee, C. W., Lee, S. M., Oh, J. S., and Lee, J. S. Catal. Lett. 19 (1993) 217.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Lucky, Ldt. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,153,658 [91,153,658] (1991). Chem. Abstr. 115:158745z.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Oh, J. S. and Lee, S. M. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 520,130 (1992). Chem. Abstr.: 118:215311t.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Oh, J. S. and Lee, S. M. U. S. US 5,198,582 (1993). Chem. Abstr.: 119:180545p.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Reddy, N. P., Masdeu, A. M., El Ali, B., and Alper, H. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commwi (1994) 863.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Lin, I. J. B. and Chang, C. -S. J. Mo1. Catal. 73 (1992) 167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Lin, I. J. B. and Chinnshen, C. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,201,952 [93,201,952 (1993). Chem. Abstr.: 120:54336d.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Valli, V. L. K. and Alper, H. J. Ar. Chem. Soc. 115 (1993) 3778.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Cenini, S., Pizzotti, M., Crotti, C., Ragaini, F., and Porta, F. J. Mol. Catal. 49 (1988) 59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Valli, V. L. K. and Alper, H. Organometallics 14 (1995) 80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Imperial Chemical Industries Neth. Appl. 6,502,601 (1965). Chem. Abstr.: 64:11126h.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Imperial Chemical Industries Neth. Appl. 6,609,601 (1967). Chem. Abstr.: 67:2873u.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Imperial Chemical Industries Neth. Appl. 6,609,480 (1967). Chem. Abstr.: 67:32450w.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Imperial Chemical Industries Brit. 1,092,157 (1967). Chem. Abstr.: 68:87010d.

    Google Scholar 

  160. Imperial Chemical Industries Fr. 1,379,231 (1964). Chem. Abstr.: 62:16121e.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Gorbunova, L. V. , Knyazeva, I. L. , Nefedov, B. K. , Khoshdurdyev, Kh. O. , and Manov Yuvenskii, V. I. lzv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khinz. (1981) 1644. Engl. Transl. i J. Gen. Chem. USSR 52 (1982) 1334. Chem. Abstr.: 95:115000d.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Rode, C. V., Gupte, S. P., Chaudhari, R. V., Pirozhkov, C. D., and Lapidus, A. L J. Moi. Catal. 91 (1994) 195.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Yamahara, T., Takamatsu, S., and Hirose, K. Japan Kokai 72 34,341 (1972) Chem. Abstr.: 78:43087m.

    Google Scholar 

  164. Grate, J. H. and Hamm, D. R. U. S. US 4, 687, 872 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  165. Grate, J. H. and Hamm, D. R. U. S. US 4,709,073 (1987). Chem. Abstr.: 108:169627u.

    Google Scholar 

  166. Ragaini, F., Cenini, S., Fumagalli, A., and Crotti, C. J. Otganomet. Chem. 428 ( 1992 401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Ragaini, F., Cenini, S., and Demartin, F. Organometallics 13 (1994) 1178.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Drent, E. and Breed, A. J. M. Brit. UK Pat. Appl. GB 2,233,973 (1991). Chem. Abstr. 114:228401 q.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Vasapollo, G., Nobile, C. F., Giannoccaro, P., and Allegretta, F. J. Organomet. Chent. 27 (1984) 417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. Cenini, S., Pizzotti, M., Crotti, C., Porta, F., and La Monica, G J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (1984) 1286.

    Google Scholar 

  171. Cenini, S., Crotti, C., Pizzotti, M., and Porta, F. J. Org. Chem. 53 (1988) 1243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Grate, J. H. , Hamm, D. R. , and Valentine, D. H. U. S. US 4,600,793 (1986). Chem. Abstr. 103:104735e.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Bassoli, A., Rindone, B., and Cenini, S. J. Mol. Catal. 66 (1991) 163.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Bassoli, A., Rindone, B., Tollari, S., Cenini, S., and Crotti, C. J. Mol. Catal. 60 ( 1990 155.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Indian Explosives Ltd. Chemicals and Fibers of India Ltd. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho J 59,148,750 [84,148,750] (1984). Chem. Abstr.: IO2:24305d.

    Google Scholar 

  176. Sexton, R. J. , Shawl, E. T. , Shum, W. P. S. , Kesling, H. S. , Jr. , and Zajacek, J. G Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 507,616 (1992). Chenr. Abst,;: 118:24094q.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Ragaini, F. , Cenini, S. Unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  178. Ikariya, T. , Itagaki, M. , Shimoyama, I. , Mizuguchi, M. , and Hachiya, T. F_ur. Pcrt. Appl. E 310,907 (1989). C/,ent. Abstr. : 111:232337d.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Ikariya, T. , Itagaki, M. , Iemoto, M. , Mizuguchi, M. , Hachiya, T. , Nakamura, T. Miyazawa, M. , and Yamamoto, S. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 400,299 (1990). Chem. Abstr. 114:185042d.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Grate, J. H., Hamm, D. R., and Valentine, D. H. U. S. US 4, 603, 216 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  181. Taqui Kahn, M. M., Halligudi, S. B., Shukla, S., and Shaikh, Z. A. J. Mol. Catal. 57 ( 1990 301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  182. Halligudi, S. B., Bhatt, K. N., Kahn, N. H., and Taqui Kahn, M. M., J. Mol. Catal. 7 (1992) 139.

    Google Scholar 

  183. Taqui Kahn, M. M. Platinum Metals Rev. 35 (1991) 70.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Mukherjee, D. K., Palit, B. K., and Saha, C. R. J. Mol. Catal. 91 (1994) 19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Watanabe, Y., Tsuji, Y., Takeuchi, R., and Suzuki, N. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 56 ( 1983 3343.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Watanabe, Y., Tsuji, Y., and Suzuki, N. Chem. Lett. (1982) 105.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Watanabe, Y., Tsuji, Y., and Takeuchi, R. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 57 (1984) 3011.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Tsuji, Y., Takeuchi, R., and Watanabe, Y. J. Organomet. Chem. 290 (1985) 249.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Pizzotti, M., Ragaini, F., and Cenini, S. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 123 (1993) 683.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Giannoccaro, P. and Pannacciulli, E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 117 (1986) 69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Alper, H. Inorg. Chem. 11 (1972) 976.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Alper, H. and Hashem, K. E. J. An,. Chem. Soc. 103 (1981) 6514.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Yamashita, M., Mizushima, K., Watanabe, Y., Mitsudo, T. -A., and Takegami, Y J. Chem. Soc.,Chen,. Commun. (1976) 670.

    Google Scholar 

  194. Loh, K. L., Shieh, P., Chao, Y. S., and Chuang, T. K. U. S. US 5,008,435 (1991) Chem. Abstr.: 115:93147j.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Bradman, W. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 46 (1968) 122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  196. Zajacek, J. G., McCoy, J. J., and Fuger, K. E. Ger. Offen. 2,343,826 (1974) (correspondin to U. S. US 3,895,054). Chem. Abstr.: 81:25426d.

    Google Scholar 

  197. Atlantic Richfield Co. Neth. Appl. 75 02,156 (1975) (corresponding to U. S. U 3,956,360). Chem. Abstr.: 84:30723q.

    Google Scholar 

  198. Zajacek, J. G., McCoy, J. J., and Fuger, K. E. Swiss 605,699 (1978) Chem. Abstr. 90: 2 2659g.

    Google Scholar 

  199. Onoda, T., Tano, K., and Yamamoto, I. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 79,115,343 (1979) Chem. Abstr.: 92:58471v.

    Google Scholar 

  200. Onoda, T., Tano, K., and Fujii, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 79,115,342 (1979) Chem. Abstr.: 92:58472w.

    Google Scholar 

  201. Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Co. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 57,175,157 [82,175,157 (1982). Chem. Abstr.: 98:128131j.

    Google Scholar 

  202. Hirai, Y., Miyata, K., and Hasegawa, S. Ger. Offen. 2,614,101 (1976). Chem. Abstr. 86: 43424j.

    Google Scholar 

  203. Hirai, Y. , Miyata, K. , and Hasegawa, S. Ger. Offen. 2,623,694 (1976). Chem. Abstr. 86:106205m.

    Google Scholar 

  204. Lapidus, A. , Pirozhkov, S. D. , Lunin, A. F. , and Leonchik, N. B. Izv. Alwd. Nauk. SSSR Ser. Khim. (1981) 1654. Chem. Abstr.: 95:115001e.

    Google Scholar 

  205. Lapidus, A. , Soldatenkov, A. T. , Pirozhkov, S. D. , Salekhuddin, M. , Bagdadi, M. V. , an Prostakov, N. S. Khint. Geterotsikl. Soedin (1983) 79. Chem. Abstr.: 98:179175j.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Lapidus, A. , Pirozhkov, S. D. , Antipov, Yu. V. , and Nefedov, O. M. lzv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR SenKhim. (1983) 1350. Chem. Abstr.: 99:157964j.

    Google Scholar 

  207. Lapidus, A. , Pirozhkov, S. D. , and Antipov, Yu. V. Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ser. Khint. (1984 1427. Chem. Abstr.: 101:230092g.

    Google Scholar 

  208. Manov-Yuvenskii, V. I. , Kuznetsov, S. L. , and Dergunov, Yu. I. Zh. Prikl. Khint. (S Peterbwg) 65 (1992) 2091. Chem. Abstn: 118:236375g.

    Google Scholar 

  209. Giroldini, V. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 86,018 (1983). Cltent. Absn•.: 100:85432y.

    Google Scholar 

  210. Zhang, S. , Zheng, Y. Tiattranqui Huagong 17 (1992) 27. Cltem. Abstr.: 118:194005d.

    Google Scholar 

  211. Sholl, H. J. and Zenner, A. Ger. Offen. 2,808,980 (1979). Chem. Abstr.: 92:6290r.

    Google Scholar 

  212. Sholl, H. J. and Zenner, A. Ger. Offen. 2,808,990 (1979). Chent. Abstr.: 92:6291s.

    Google Scholar 

  213. Besenyei, G., Viski, P., Nagy, F., and Simândi, L. I. Inorg. Chim. Acta 90 (1984) L43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Besenyei, G. , Czege, G. , Kwaysser, E. , Nagy, F. . , Simandi, L. I. , Viski, P. , Schmelczer, B. and Szilagyi, G. Ger. Offen. DE 3,347,460 (1984). Chem. Abstr.: 102:2430Iz.

    Google Scholar 

  215. He, J. and Zhang, S. Tianranqui Huagong 19 (1994) 26. Chem. Abstr.: 122:190943t.

    Google Scholar 

  216. Chem. Eng. News (October 10, 1977) 12.

    Google Scholar 

  217. Chem. Week (July 26, 1978) 28.

    Google Scholar 

  218. Sonoda, N. Pure and Appl. Chem. 65 (1993) 699 and references therein.

    Google Scholar 

  219. Mizuno, T. Kagaku to Kogyo (Osaka) 68 (1994) 235. Chem. Abstr.: 121:156701g.

    Google Scholar 

  220. Sonoda, N., Kondo, K., Nagano, K., Kambe, N., and Morimoto, F Angew. Chem. Int. EdEngl. 19 (1980) 308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  221. Manov-Yuvenskii, V. I. Zh. Prikl. Khim. (S. -Peterburg) 67 (1994) 1840. Chem. Abstr. 123: 59440e.

    Google Scholar 

  222. Hearsey, C. J. Ger. Offen. 2,317,122 (1973). Chem. Abstr.: 80:14767u.

    Google Scholar 

  223. Anon. Jpn. Kokai 75 37,751 (1975). Chem. Abstr.: 85:94111s.

    Google Scholar 

  224. Redoshkin, B. A., Bordzilovskii, V. Ya., Gerega, V. F., Dergunov, Yu. I., an Korntuslteehkin, V. D. Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad) 57 (1984) 600. Chem. Abstr. 101: 7 2391e.

    Google Scholar 

  225. Bordzilovskii, V. Ya. , Gerega, V. F. , Redoshkin, B. A. , and Dergunov, Yu. I Zh. Prikl. Khint. (Leningrad) 60 (1987) 2598. Chem. Abstr.: 109:72938d. .

    Google Scholar 

  226. Kolmakov, A. O. , Tarasov, E. N. , Redoshkin, B. A. , and Aleksandrov, Yu. A Zh. Obshch. . Khim. 58 (1988) 238. Chem. Abstr.: 109:128515h.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Majhail, M. S. Brit UKPat. Appl. GB 2,083,812 (1982). Chem. Abstr.: 97:38694v.

    Google Scholar 

  228. Tietz, H. , Neitzel, P. , Unverferth, K. , and Schwetlick, K. Ger. (East) DD 268,936 (1989) Chem. Abstr. : 112:138772r.

    Google Scholar 

  229. Tietz, H. , Skupio, G. , and Schwetlick, K. Ger. (East) DD 268,934 (1989). Chem. Abstr. 112:138773s.

    Google Scholar 

  230. Tietz, H. , Domschke, G. , and Schwetlick, K. Ger. (East) DD 268,935 (1989) Chem. Abstr.: 112:138774t.

    Google Scholar 

  231. Kolmakov, A. O., Bystrov, V. P., Tarasov, E. N., Aleksandrov, Yu. A., and Dergunov, Yu. I Zh. Obshch.. Khint. 61 (1991) 2776. Chem. Abstr.: 117:48057k.

    Google Scholar 

  232. Macho, V. , Moravek, S. , and Ilavsky, J. Chent. Pap. 45 (1991) 363. Chent. Abstr. 115:113880y.

    Google Scholar 

  233. Macho, V. , Voicek, L. , Sclntidtova, M. , and Terlandova, J Collect CZech. Chent. COmmun. 57 (1992) 2605. Chem. Abstr.: 118:124157f.

    Google Scholar 

  234. Macho, V., Kucera, M., and Kralik, M. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 60 (1995) 514.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Macho, V. , Lapidus, A. , and Vojdasova, V. Czech. CS 269,691 (1991). Chem. Abstr. 116:173789e.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Sergio Cenini & Fabio Ragaini

Authors
  1. Sergio Cenini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fabio Ragaini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cenini, S., Ragaini, F. (1997). Synthesis of Carbamates and Ureas. In: Catalytic Reductive Carbonylation of Organic Nitro Compounds. Catalysis by Metal Complexes, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0986-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0986-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4766-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0986-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation