Abstract
Root architecture is an important component of nutrient uptake and may be sensitive to carbon allocational changes brought about by rising CO2. We describe a deformable geometric model of root growth, SimRoot, for the dynamic morphological and physiological simulation of root architectures. Using SimRoot, and measurements of root biomass deposition, respiration and exudation, carbon/phosphorus budgets were developed for three contrasting root architectures. Carbon allocation patterns and phosphorus acquisition efficiencies were estimated for Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings with either a dichotomous, herringbone, or empirically determined bean root architecture. Carbon allocation to biomass, respiration, and exudation varied significantly among architectures. Root systems also varied in the relationship between C expenditure and P acquisition, providing evidence for the importance of architecture in nutrient acquisition efficiency.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amiro B D and Ewing L L 1992 Physiological conditions and uptake of inorganic carbon-14 by plant roots. Environ. Exp. Bot. 32, 203–211.
Anuradha M and Narayanan A 1991 Promotion of root elongation by phosphorus deficiency. Plant and Soil 136, 273–275.
Aono M and Kunii T L 1984 Botanical Tree Image Generation IEEE Comput. Graphics Appl. 4, 10–34.
Arteca R N and Poovaiah B W 1982a Absorption of 14CO2 by potato roots and its subsequent translocation. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107, 398–401.
Arteca R N and Poovaiah B W 1982b Changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in Solanum tuberosum L. as affected by root zone applications of CO2. HortScience 17, 396–398.
Barber S A 1984 Soil nutrient bioavailability. A mechanistic approach. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 398 p.
Baldwin J P, Tinker P B and Nye P H 1972 Uptake of solutes by multiple root systems from soil II. The theoretical effects of rooting density and pattern on uptake of nutrients from soil. Plant and Soil 36, 393–708.
Berry L J and Brock M J 1946 Polar distribution of respiratory rate in the onion root tip. Plant Physiol. 21, 242–249.
Berntson G M and Woodward F I 1992 The root system architecture and development of Senecio vulgaris in elevated CO2 and drought. Func. Ecol. 6, 324–333.
Bloom A J and Caldwell R M 1988 Root excision decreases nutrient absorption and gas fluxes. Plant Physiol. 87, 794–796.
Bloom A J, Chapin III F S and Mooney H A 1985 Resource limitation in plants — an economic analogy. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 16, 363392.
Davis III R D 1993 Geometric modeling and computer visualization of botanical root systems. Master Thesis The Pennsylvania State University.
Del Castillo D, Mock B, Reddy V R and Acock M C 1989 Elongation and branching of roots on soybean plants in a carbon dioxide-enriched aerial environment. Agron. J. 81, 692–695.
Diggle A J 1988 ROOTMAP: A Root Growth Model. Math. Comput. Simulation 30, 175–180.
Fitter A H 1991 Characteristics and functions of root systems. In Plant Roots: The Hidden Half. Eds. Y Waisel and U Kafkafi. pp 3–25. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Fitter A H 1987 An architectural approach to the comparative ecology of plant root systems. New Phytol. 106, 61–77.
Fitter A H, Stickland T R, Harvey M L and Wilson G W 1991 Architectural analysis of plant root systems I: Architectural correlates of exploitation efficiency. New Phytol. 118, 375–382.
Hansen A P, Yoneyama T and Kouchi H 1992 Short term nitrate effects on hydroponically-grown soybean cv. Bragg and its supemodulating mutant. J. Exp. Bot. 43, 1–7.
Haynes B, Koide R T and Elliott G 1991 Phosphorus uptake and utilization in wild and cultivated oats (Avena spp.). J. Plant Nutr. 14, 1105–1118.
Langley D R 1973 The growth of root systems — A numerical computer simulation model. Plant and Soil 38, 145–159.
Long S P and Drake B G 1991 Effect of the long-term elevation of CO2 concentration in the field on the quantum yield of photosynthesis of the C3 sedge, Scirpus olneyi. Plant Physiol. 96, 221–226.
Lynch J and van Beem J 1993 Growth and architecture of seedling roots of common bean genotypes. Crop Science 33(6), 12531257.
Mooney H A 1972 The carbon balance of plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 3, 315–346.
Orians G and Solbrig 0 1977 A cost-income model of leaves and roots with special reference to arid and semiarid areas. Am. Nat. 111, 677–690.
Nye P H and Tinker P B 1977 Solute Movement in the Soil-Root System. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 342 p.
Pages L, Jordan M O and Picard D 1989 A simulation model of the three-dimensional architecture of the maize root system. Plant and Soil 119, 147–154.
Paul E A and Clark F E 1989 Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. pp 222–231. Academic Press, Inc. San Diego, California, USA.
Rogers H H, Runion G B and Krupa S V 1993 Plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment with emphasis on roots and the rhizosphere. Env. Poll. 83, 155–159.
Rogers H H, Peterson C M, McCrimmon J N and Cure J D 1992 Response of plant roots to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Plant Cell Environ, 15, 749–752.
Rundel P W and Nobel P S 1991 Structure and function in desert root systems. In Plant Root Growth. An Ecological Perspective. Ed. D Atkinson. pp 349–378. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.
Sadeghian S 1991 Influencia de algunas caracteristicas de las semillas y plantulas de frijol Phaseolus vulgaris L. sobre la tolerancia a la baja disponibilidad de fosforo en el suelo. Univ. Nacional de Colombia. Fac. Ciencias Agropecuarias, Palmira, Colombia.
Saglio P Hand Pradet A 1980 Soluble sugars, respiration, and energy charge during aging of excised maize root tips. Plant Physiol. 66, 516–519.
Sanchez P A 1976 Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics. pp 254–294. John Wiley and Sons, USA.
Sanchez P A and Logan T J 1992 Myths and science about the chemistry and fertility of soils in the tropics. In Myths and Science of Soils in the Tropics. SSSA Special Publication No. 29. pp 35–46.
SoilScience Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA.
Van der Werf A, Welschen R and Lambers H 1992 Respiratory losses increase with decreasing inherent growth rate of a species and with decreasing nitrate supply: a search for explanations for these observations. In Molecular, Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Plant Respiration. Eds. H Lambers and L H W van der Plas. pp 421–432. SPB Academic Publishing by, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Waisel Y and Eshel A 1991 Multiform behavior of various constituents of one root system. In Plant Roots: The Hidden Half. Eds. Y Waisel and U Kafkafi. pp 39–52. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Wanner H 1950 Histilogische und Physiologische Gradienten in der Wurzelspitze. Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 60, 404–412.
Wong S C, Kriedemann P E and Farquhar D 1992 CO x nitrogen interaction on seedling growth of four species of eucalypt. Aust. J. Bot. 40, 457–472.
Zak D R, Pregitzer K S, Curtis P S, Teeri J A, Fogel R and Randlett D L 1993 Elevated atmospheric CO2 and feedbacks between carbon and nitrogen cycles. Plant and Soil 151, 105–117.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nielsen, K.L., Lynch, J.P., Jablokow, A.G., Curtis, P.S. (1994). Carbon cost of root systems: an architectural approach. In: Curtis, P.S., O’Neill, E.G., Teeri, J.A., Zak, D.R., Pregitzer, K.S. (eds) Belowground Responses to Rising Atmospheric CO2: Implications for Plants, Soil Biota, and Ecosystem Processes. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 60. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0851-7_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0851-7_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4415-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0851-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive