Summary
For many years, dual purpose breeds were the selection objective in Western Europe, especially in France. This has been changing in recent years with the continuous grading up of the Friesian with Holstein genes.
The latter breed may destabilise the national cattle production in the long term: too strong a movement toward the Holstein may lead either to milk surpluses which will be difficult to market, or to a dramatic decrease in the number of cattle and a corresponding decrease in beef production.
In these circumstances, dual purpose breeds still have a role to play, provided they are not being progressively given up by the dairy producer because of their lower profitability.
This paper attempts to estimate the profitability of the Holstein compared to the Norman breed based on figures produced from an experiment designed for that purpose. These results confirm the difficulty for a breed like the Norman, whose milk production is some 1700 kg less than the Holstein, of competing, in spite of its better milk composition, beef production and reproduction. The major items where it might compete better with the Holstein are:-
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payment for milk according to its processing value, giving special weight to protein yield; replacing the present payment system by one based on payment for valuable matter would have the effect of reducing the economic difference between the breeds by the equivalent of 500 kg per lactation.
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selection for milk production in dual purpose breeds, while maintaining their present genetic level for beef production, must also be steered.
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finally the dual purpose breeds are more adaptable to the severe environmental conditions in certain areas of France. The Holstein would be quite unfit for some of these areas.
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Colleau, J.J., Lienard, G. (1982). The Economic Comparison Between the Holstein and Norman Breeds. In: O’Ferrall, G.J.M. (eds) Beef Production from Different Dairy Breeds and Dairy Beef Crosses. Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0847-0_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0847-0_21
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