Abstract
The tectonic and structural framework of the continental margin off Newfoundland (East Coast Canada) consists of a series of intracratonic basins and ridges and a complex continent-ocean transition zone formed during several Mesozoic rifting periods. Recent industry seismic lines and several deep seismic reflection profiles (Lithoprobe East) allow for the recognition of coherent reflections of intra-basement provenance.
Precambrian and early Paleozoic rocks of the Avalon Zone comprise the core of the regional continental crust. These rocks underwent extensive block faulting and rotation at the onset of the late Triassic-early Jurassic phase of rifting. The rift-related extension of the continental crust initially took place in a northwest-southeast direction, on easterly dipping normal faults. One of these faults evolved into a listric break-away megafault, which detached in the mid-to-lower crustal zone and underlies most of the Newfoundland offshore structural elements. A linked system of synthetic and antithetic faults associated with this crustal detachment now borders the structural units of the shelf.
The widespread reactivation of pre-existing Precambrian and Paleozoic zones of weakness as rift-bounding faults is questioned, and examples of deviations from the previous geological grain are offered. Only a few transfer faults, offsetting the area’s major structural and tectonic elements, can be geophysically documented.
No clear crustal penetrative detachment can be seen under the continent-ocean transition zone. However, depending on the area of observation, some reflectors are seen dipping in either the down-to-ocean or down-to-shore direction. Along the margin the width of the transition zone is variable, the greatest being under the Carson-Bonnition Basin, and the narrowest across the Newfoundland Fracture Zone. Halokinetic structures are interpreted in areas previously considered within the oceanic domain in front of the on-shelf Carson-Bonnition Basin. The seismic lines recorded on the slope and rise in the continent-ocean transition zone suggest that extended flood basalts of oceanic extraction are lying on attenuated and subsided continental basement. This implies that in the transition zone the continental basement is not “lost” but simply intruded, covered, and therefore obscured by magmatic rocks of oceanic affiliation pertaining to various phases of rifting. The strip of continental basement covered and/or assimilated by oceanic basalts must be accounted for when paleo-continental reconstructions are made.
The mantle beneath major abandoned rifts, such as that underlying the Grand Banks, is postulated to be significantly contaminated by continental basement materials. As a result the Moho discontinuity, between the crust and mantle, is temporarily destroyed. A simple-shear geodynamic model of continental extension evolving into a double rift system that includes transition zones beneath the abandoned rifts and at the continent-ocean boundary is suggested.
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Enachescu, M.E. (1992). Basement Extension on the Newfoundland Continental Margin (Canadian East Coast). In: Mason, R. (eds) Basement Tectonics 7. Proceedings of the International Conferences on Basement Tectonics, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0833-3_17
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