Abstract
The rice-wheat system dominant in the Indogangetic region of South Asia, is facing a number of complex problems, with severe implications on the sustainability of the system. Agronomic, soil, and historical weather data from a long-term experiment (LTE) at Pantnagar, India, were used for analysing yield trends, and in an attempt to explain sustainability related issues for the rice-wheat systems. Validated models (CERES-Rice and CERES-Wheat) were run in sequence using a Sequence Analysis Driver of DSSAT V3.0 for simulating long-term yields of rice and wheat for the LTE. Experimental data indicated that rice yields have declined, whereas wheat yields have increased during the same period. Long-term simulation indicated that, except for some outliers, the yield trends were similar to the trends obtained from the experiment. The Driver was then used in running the rice-wheat experiment for 20 years and 15 replications using generated weather data. The Sequential Analysis Program of DSSAT V3.0 was then used in analysing the trends of model outputs (yields, N, organic C) using percentiles and cumulative probability functions. Yield and soil fertility (total N, organic C) trends in context with sustainability of rice-wheat systems are explained using both long-term experimental and simulation results.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Acock B, Acock M C (1991) Potential for using long-term field research data to develop and validate crop simulators. Agron. J. 83: 56–61.
Bell M A, Fischer R A (1994) Using yield prediction models to assess yield gains: A case study for wheat. Field Crops Res. 36: 161–166.
Cassman K G (1993) The challenge of quantifying sustainability: Long-term agronomic experiments and farm monitoring. Pages 20–28 in Harrington L W, Hobbs P R, Cassaday K A (Eds.) Methods of measuring sustainability through farmer monitoring: Applications to the rice-wheat cropping pattern in South Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop, 6–9 May 1992, Kathmandu, Nepal. CIMMYT, IRRI, and NARC. CIMMYT, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
Cassman K G, Pingali P L (1995) Extrapolating trends from long-term experiments to farmers’ fields: The case of irrigated rice systems in Asia. Pages 63–84 in Bamett V, Payne R, Steiner R (Eds.) Agricultural sustainability in economic, environmental and statistical considerations. John Wiley and Sons, London, UK.
Cassman K G, Steiner R, Johnston A E (1995) Long-term experiments and productivity indexes to evaluate the sustainability of cropping systems. Pages 231–244 in Barnett V, Payne R, Steiner R (Eds.) Agricultural sustainability in economic, environmental and statistical considerations. John Wiley and Sons, London, UK.
Despande S B, Fehrenvacher J B, Ray B W (1971) Mollisols of Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India. 2. Genesis and classification. Geoderma 6: 195–201.
Flinn J C, De Datta S K (1984) Trends in irrigated rice yields under intensive cropping at Philippine research stations. Field Crops Res. 9: 1–15.
Flinn J C, De Datta S K, Labadan E (1982) An analysis of long-term rice yields in a wetland soil. Field Crops Res. 5: 201–216.
Godwin D C, Ritchie J T, Singh U, Hunt L A (1990) A user’s guide to CERES-Wheat V2.10. Simulation manual. IFDC-SM-2. IFDC, Muscle Shoals, AL, USA. 94 p.
Harrington L W (1993) Interpreting and measuring sustainability: Issues and options. Pages 3–19 in Harrington L W, Hobbs P R, Cassaday K A (Eds.) Methods of measuring sustainability through farmer monitoring: Applications to the rice-wheat cropping pattern in South Asia. Proceedings of the Workshop, 6–9 May 1992, Kathmandu, Nepal. CIMMYT, IRRI, and NARC. CIMMYT, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
Hunt L A, Pararajasingham S (1994) GenCalc: Genotype coefficient calculator. Pages 201–233 in Tsuji G Y, Uehara G, Balas S (Eds.) IBSNAT, DSSAT V3. Vol. 3–4. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Jenkinson D S (1991) The Rothamsted long-term experiments: Are they still of use? Agron. J. 83 (1): 2–11.
Kruseman G, Hengsdijk H, Ruben R (1993) Disentangling the concept of sustainability: Conceptual definitions, analytical framework and operational techniques in sustainable land use. DLV Report No. 2, AB-DLO, P.O. Box 14, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 52 p.
Lynam J K, Herdt R W (1988) Sense and sustainability: Sustainability as an objective in international agricultural research. Paper presented at CIP-Rockfeller Conference on Farmers and Food Systems. CIP, Lima, Peru.
Meerman F, Van De Ven G W J, Van Keulen H, De Ponti OMB (1992) Sustainable crop production and protection. Discussion Paper, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries, Department OSL, P.O. Box 20401, The Hague, The Netherlands. 48 p.
Mitchell C C, Westerman R L, Brown J R, Peck T R (1991) Overview of long-term agronomic research. Agron. J. 83 (1): 24–29.
Monteith J L (1990) Can sustainability be quantified? ICRISAT Conference Paper No. 538. ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, India. 16 p.
Nambiar K K M (1994) Soil fertility and crop productivity under long-term fertilizer use. ICAR, New Delhi, India. 150 p.
Nambiar K K M, Ghosh A B (1984) Highlights of research of long-term fertilizer experiments in India (1971–82). Long-term Fertilizer Experiments Research Bulletin No. 1, ICAR, New Delhi. 72 p.
Reddy V R, Baker D N (1990) Application of GOSSYM to analyse the effects of weather on cotton yields. Agric. Syst. 32(I):83 — 95.
Singh U, Ritchie J T, Godwin D C (1993) A user’s guide to CERES-Rice V2.10. Simulation manual IFDC-SM-4. IFDC, Muscle Shoals, AL, USA. 131 p.
Singh U, Thornton P K (1992) Using crop models for sustainability and environmental quality assessment. Outlook on Agriculture 21 (3): 209–218.
Thornton P K, Wilkens P W, Hoogenboom G, Jones J W (1994) Sequence analysis user guide. Pages 67–136 in Tsuji G Y, Uehara G, Balas S (Eds.) DSSAT V3.0. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Thornton P K, Hoogenboom G, Wilkens P W, Bowen W T (1995) A computer program to analyse multiple-season crop model outputs. Agron. J. 87: 131–136.
Timsina J, Singh U, Singh Y, Lansigan F P (1995) Addressing sustainability of rice-wheat systems: Testing and application of CERES and SUCROS models. Pages 633–656 in Proceedings of the International Rice Research Conference, 13–17
February 1995. International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Timsina, J., Singh, U., Singh, Y. (1997). Addressing sustainability of rice-wheat systems: analysis of long-term experimentation and simulation. In: Kropff, M.J., et al. Applications of Systems Approaches at the Field Level. Systems Approaches for Sustainable Agricultural Development, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0754-1_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0754-1_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4763-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-0754-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive