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Biological Variability of HIV-1

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AIDS Pathogenesis

Part of the book series: Immunology and Medicine Series ((IMME,volume 28))

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Abstract

HIV-1 displays one of the highest evolutionary rates detected in any life form with genetic distances in hypervariable regions of the genome reaching as high as 10–15% within single individuals. This extreme variation is the result of an error-prone reverse transcriptase, high population turnover, viral proteins that accept high variation, and strong environmental selective pressures [1–5]. Thus, the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which lacks proof reading capacity, has a misincorporation rate of 10−4 to 10−5 per base or approximately one misincorporation per genome per replication cycle [1,2]. Furthermore, it has been estimated that up to 1010 virus particles are produced every day in an HIV-1-infected individual [3–5]. Consequently, an HIV1-infected individual harbours a swarm of closely related viruses [6]. Importantly, the genetic variation of HIV-1 translates into biological variation, such as cell tropism, virulence, and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies and antiviral drugs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Karolinska Institute, S-105 21, Stockholm, Sweden

    Jan Albert

  2. Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology of the CLB and Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Maarten Koot

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  1. Jan Albert
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  1. CLB and Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Hanneke Schuitemaker  & Frank Miedema  & 

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Albert, J., Koot, M. (2000). Biological Variability of HIV-1. In: Schuitemaker, H., Miedema, F. (eds) AIDS Pathogenesis. Immunology and Medicine Series, vol 28. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0685-8_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0685-8_3

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