Summary
During a solid state fermentation process, the microorganisms are intimately bound to a solid matrix, which poses difficulties for biomass measurements. Unlike submerged fermentation, fungal biomass cannot be quantitatively separated from the solid medium, and hence, direct measurements are impossible.
A brief survey of the different indirect manual biochemical methods, described by several authors, is given, along with the description of four selected biochemical methods (glucosamine, ergosterol, total sugar, carbohydrate consumption). Studies on 22 different fungal strains and different solid media (organic material such as sugar beet pulp, sponge or mineral material as clay micro-granules), showed that the fungal growth kinetics could be followed by glucosamine measurements with a satisfactory accuracy. Infrared estimation of cell components (glucosamine and ergosterol) and medium residues directly allow on-line biomass measurements in solid media the CO2 evolution rate during cultivation. It is not sufficient to measure a total biomass, but it is very important in many processes to be able to measure the viability of cells (for example conidia produced for biological control applications). Hence, methods for estimation of biomass viability are also discussed.
Resume
Au cours des procédés de fermentation en milieu solide (FMS), les microorganismes sont intimement liés à la matrice solide, ce qui se traduit par des difficultés au niveau de l’estimation de la biomasse. De ce fait, contrairement à ce qui se passe en fermentation liquide, la biomasse fungique ne peut pas se séparer du milieu solide, et par conséquent la mésure directe de la biomasse est impossible en FMS.
Une brève description de différentes méthodes biochimiques d’estimation indirecte et manuelle est présentée et quatre méthodes biochimiques ont été retenues (glucosamine, ergosterol, sucres totaux, consommation de sucres). Des études réalisées sur 22 souches de champignons filamenteux cultivées sur différents milieux solides (matériaux organiques comme la pulpe de betterave, matériaux minéraux comme les éponges et les granules de vermiculite) ont montré que la cinétique de la croissance mycélienne peut être suivie, d’une manière satisfaisante par l’analyse de la glucosamine. L’estimation, par spectofluorométrie infra rouge, des constituants cellulaires (glucosamine et ergosterol) et des résidus du milieu peuvent être suivis en ligne pour la mésure de la biomasse et l’évolution du CO2 au cours de la FMS. Il n’est pas suffisant de mesurer la biomasse, mais il est important de pouvoir mesurer la viabilité de la biomasse pour certains procédés (viabilité des conidies produites). Dans ce cas, l’éfficacité des méthodes utilisées pour l’estimation de la viabilité de la biomasse est discutée.
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References
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© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Durand, A., Vergoignan, C., Desgranges, C. (1997). Biomass estimation in solid state fermentation. In: Roussos, S., Lonsane, B.K., Raimbault, M., Viniegra-Gonzalez, G. (eds) Advances in Solid State Fermentation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0661-2_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0661-2_3
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